基于虚拟样机的主轴变速箱故障研究

Research on failure of main shaft gearbox based on virtual prototype

针对主轴变速箱振动信号受外界影响较大从而导致故障诊断准确率较低的情况,提出基于虚拟样机采集转速信号来进行主轴箱故障诊断。首先搭建了主轴变速箱动力学虚拟样机,基于赫兹接触理论设置齿轮副接触参数,通过对比理论转速证实模型仿真的正确性;然后基于虚拟样机模拟主轴箱3种常见典型故障类型,分析不同工况下各轴输出转速变化趋势;最后基于仿真样本建立KNN故障诊断模型,为提高诊断准确率,对Z-Score方法进行改进。结果表明,改进后的故障模型诊断准确率显著提升,实现了对变速箱常见故障的正确诊断。

The vibration signal of the main shaft gearbox is greatly affected by external factors, which leads to a low fault diagnosis accuracy rate. Proposes to diagnose the fault of the spindle box based on the speed signal collected by the virtual prototype. Firstly, the virtual prototype of main gearbox is built, and the contact parameters of gear pairs were set based on Hertz contact theory, and the accuracy of the model simulation is verified by comparing the theoretical speed. Secondly, by simulating the common fault types of a variety of gearboxes, the trend of the output speed of each shaft under different working conditions is analyzed. Finally, a KNN fault diagnosis model is established based on simulation samples, and the Z-Score method is improved. The results show that the diagnosis accuracy of the improved fault model is significantly improved, which realizes the correct diagnosis of common faults of the gearbox.