2019年北京市顺义区居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Analysis on health literacy level and influencing factors among residents in Shunyi District of Beijing in 2019

目的了解北京市顺义区居民健康素养具备水平及其相关的影响因素。方法 2019年7—9月,采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,对顺义区25个街乡15~69岁的3 997名常住居民开展问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 2019年顺义区常住居民健康素养具备率为33.5%。其中基本知识与理念素养具备率为47.6%、基本技能素养具备率为40.1%、健康生活方式与行为素养具备率为31.2%;6类健康问题素养中,安全与急救素养具备率最高(68.1%),基本医疗素养具备率最低(26.4%),其他4类素养具备率由高到低依次为科学健康观(60.1%)、传染病防治(48.1%)、慢性病防治(40.0%)、健康信息素养(33.3%)。文化程度、性别及年龄是影响居民健康素养水平的主要因素(均P<0.05)。结论 2019年北京市顺义区居民健康素养水平的主要影响因素是性别、年龄及文化程度,应有针对性的加大对农村文化程度较低者及中老年人等特定群体开展健康教育与健康促进工作。

Objective To understand the level of health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in Shunyi District of Beijing. Methods The stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey on3 997 permanent residents aged 15-69 years old in 25 sub-districts and townships in Shunyi District from July to September 2019,and the data were aralyzde.Results The health literacy rate among permanent residents in Shunyi District was 33.5% in 2019. The rate of basic knowledge and concepts literacy,basic skills literacy,healthy lifestyle and behavioral literacy was 47.6%,40.1% and31.2%,respectively. Among the six types of health problems,the rate of safety and first aid literacy was the highest(68.1%) and the rate of basic medical literacy was the lowest(26.4%),and the rest from high to low were scientific health concept(60.1%),infectious disease prevention(48.1%),chronic disease prevention(40.0%) and health information literacy(33.3%). The educational level,gender and age were the main factors affecting residents’ health literacy level(all P<0.05). Conclusion The main influencing factors of health literacy level among residents in Shunyi District of Beijing in 2019 are gender,age and educational level. It is necessary to carry out health education and health promotion for the rural people with lower education level and the elderly.