不同君迁子野生居群表型性状遗传多样性研究

Study on genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in wild populations of different Diospyros lotus

以新乡县古固寨镇、延津县黄河故道森林公园、河南科技学院教学基地、洛阳洛宁县和林州太行山区等5个野生居群君迁子为研究对象,通过测定其叶柄长、叶片长、叶片宽、叶片厚度、叶面积、花冠长、花冠宽、花萼长、花萼宽、花瓣数、枝条长度、枝条粗度、节间数、节间长度、皮孔个数、皮孔密度、果实横径、果实纵径、单果质量、果形指数、种子横径、种子纵径、种子纵横径对比、千粒质量等24个表型性状,对其进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明:5个君迁子野生居群内的变异远大于居群间的变异,其中新乡县古固寨镇君迁子野生居群表型性状变异最大,变异系数在8%~49%之间,平均变异系数为23%,节间长度、皮孔个数、皮孔密度的变异系数均超过了40%,说明该居群君迁子的表型遗传多样性非常丰富.君迁子叶面积、花冠长和叶柄长等24个表型性状可归成8个主成分因子,特征值为18.87,累计贡献率为82.31%,花和叶的表型性状为主导因子.聚类分析结果表明,在欧式距离为27.90时,100株君迁子可分为三大类.

Taking five wild populations of diospyros lotus,including Guguzhai town in Xinxiang County,the old Yellow River Forest Park in Yanjin County,the teaching base of Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoning County in Luoyang and Taihang Mountain area in Linzhou,as the research subjects,by measuring the petiole,leaf length,leaf width,leaf thickness,leaf area,crown length,crown width,long calyx,calyx,petal number,branch length,branch wide roughness,internode length,internode number,number,skin hole density,hole diameter,fruit longitudinal diameter,per fruit quality,fruit shape index,seed diameter longitudinal diameter,seed,seed diameter vertical and horizontal comparison,thousand grain quality,etc.,24 phenotypic traits and genetic diversity were analyzed.The results showed that the variation within the five wild populations was much greater than that among the populations,and the population differentiation was small.Among them,the phenotypic traits of the wild populations in Guguzhai of Xinxiang County had the greatest variation,with the coefficient of variation ranging from 8%to 49%,and the average coefficient of variation was 23%.The variation coefficients of internode length,number of lenticels and lenticel density were all more than 40%,and the results indicated that the phenotypic genetic diversity of this population was very rich.The 24 phenotypic traits,such as cotyledon area,corolla length and petiole length,could be divided into 8 principal component factors.The eigenvalue was 18.87,and the cumulative contribution rate was 82.31%.The phenotypic traits of flower and leaf were the dominant factors.The results of cluster analysis showed that the 100 strains could be divided into three groups when the Euclidean distance was 27.90.