不同黑木耳菌株在陕西杨凌的生产性能研究

Research on the production performance of different strains of Auricularia auricula in YangLing,Shaanxi

[目的]明晰不同黑木耳菌株在当地气候及栽培条件下的性能表现,筛选适宜在本地条件下栽培生长的优良菌株。[方法]本研究以陕西杨凌为试点,以21株黑木耳(Au‐1~Au‐21)菌株为试验材料,在相同栽培条件下,对其发菌期、耳片长径、耳片短径、耳片厚度、耳片长宽比值、干湿比、百片质量和产量进行定量测定,采用模糊综合评判及综合选择指数进行分析。[结果](1)不同黑木耳菌株的生产性能差异较大,尤其是产量、耳片性状和耳片吸水膨胀系数(干湿比)差异明显;(2)耳片性状上表现优良的菌株有Au‐10和Au‐19,其优良集隶属度分别为0.25和0.37;其次是Au‐1、Au‐2、Au‐13和Au‐17;菌株Au‐7和Au‐8较差。(3)菌株Au‐4、Au‐10、Au‐14、Au‐16和Au‐19生产性能表现优良,可进一步在当地示范推广,尤其是Au‐19具有菌丝生长快,耳芽形成早、密,耳片较大、高产等特性,特别是其吸水膨胀系数达15以上,且耳片较薄,口感软绵,具有重要的推广价值。[结论]本研究采用的评判方法能够综合评价黑木耳的多项生产性能,为黑木耳品质的综合评价提供了一种新的思路,筛选出的菌株Au‐4、Au‐10、Au‐14、Au‐16和Au‐19可推荐作为陕西关中地区的栽培菌株。

[Objective]The research was aimed to clarify the performance of different strains of Auricularia auricula in the local climate and cultivation conditions to select good strains suitable for cultivation and growth under local conditions.[Methods]In this research,21 strains of A.auricula(Au-1~Au-21)were selected as test materials and cultivated in Yangling,Shaanxi under the same cultivation conditions.The quantitative determination was based on the factors of germination period,ear piece length,ear piece short diameter,ear piece thickness,ear piece length-to-width ratio,the dry-to-wet ratio,the quality of 100 pieces,and the yield(g/bag),and then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and comprehensive selection index were used for analysis.[Results](1)The production performance of different A.auricula strains was quite different,especially the difference in yield,ear properties and water swelling coefficient(dry-to-wet ratio)of ears;(2)The strains with excellent performance in ear properties were Au-10 and Au-19 with the good set membership degrees of 0.25 and 0.37,respectively,and followed by Au-1,Au-2,Au-13 and Au-17;Strains Au-7 and Au-8 performed poorly.(3)The strains Au-4,Au-10,Au-14,Au-16 and Au-19 displayed excellent production performance and could be further promoted in the local area.In particular,Au-19 showed fast mycelial growth and early ear bud formation,Mils,large ears,high yield and other characteristics,especially its water-absorbing expansion coefficient of 15 and higher,and the ears were thin,soft taste,and had important promotion value.[Conclusion]The evaluation method adopted in this study supported the comprehensively evaluation of multiple production performances of A.auricula,which provided a new idea for the further evaluation on A.auricula quality.The selected strains Au-4,Au-10,Au-14,Au-16 and Au-19 can be recommended as cultivated strains in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi.