“双碳”目标下,“十四五”能源发展的新特征与新要求

New Characteristics and New Tasks of Energy Development during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period under the“Doubdcarbor”Goal

本文分析了“双碳”目标下能源发展的新特征,相比前两次由技术革命推动的能源转型,本次能源转型更多是政策加速型的。绿色低碳发展已成为国际社会的道德制高点,也为各国经济发展开辟了新的赛道,这既有技术创新的竞赛,也有制度与规则的竞赛。我国能源转型的进程决定着我国经济增长能否在新一轮科技革命中保持领先的地位,也决定和影响着我国的国际形象和在国际舞台上的话语权。为此,本文提出“十四五”期间,我国能源发展要创新局,走新路,完成新使命,实现新目标。主要观点与建议是:一是提出实现跨越式转型、由煤炭为主直接进入到以新能源为主,加快实现能源消费增长与CO_(2)排放的脱钩,二是高度重视效率改进和节能潜力的挖掘,以经济发展质量推动经济发展与能源消费量的脱钩,三是以技术创新构建我国能源竞争新优势,四是做好安全托底化石能源的清洁利用与布局,五是形成有效市场与有为政府相结合的新型激励机制,深化能源价格体制改革,充分发挥企业的市场活力和政府在营商环境与市场监管中的作用。

This paper analyzes the new features of energy development under the“double-carbon”goal.Compared with the previous two energy transitions driven by the technological revolution,this energy transition is morepolicy accelerated.Green and low-carbon development has become the moral commanding heights of the internationalcommunity,and has opened up a new race track of the economic development for various countries.The process ofChina's energy transition determines whether China's economic growth can maintain a leading position in the newround of scientific and technological revolution,and also determines and affects China's international image anddiscourse power on the international stage.To this end,this article proposes that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period,China's energy development should formulate a new landscape,take a new path,complete the new mission,and achievethe new goals.The main viewpoints and suggestions are as follows:First,propose leap-forward transition,entering from coal-dominated to new energy-dominated directly;Accelerate the decoupling of energy consumption growth from CO_(2) emissions;Second, emphasize the efficiency improvement and exploit our energy-saving potential, promote thedecoupling of economic development and energy consumption by the quality of economic development;Third, build China's new energy competition adivantages with technological innovation;Fourth, make cleanly utilization and layoutof fossil energy which guarantee the bottom line of energy security;Fifth, form a new incentive mechanism combining.an effective market and a promising government, deepen the reform of the energy price system, take full advantage ofthe market vitality of enterprises and the role of the government in doing business and market supervision.