我国“六大高排放产业”与碳达峰研究

Research on"Top Six Industries of Carbon Emissions"and the Peak of Carbon Emissions in China

中国的碳排放具有稳定的产业集中性,2000年-2017年,电力、蒸汽和热水的生产和供应业,黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业,非金属矿物制品业,运输、仓储和邮电服务业,石油加工和炼焦业,化学原料和化学制品业等“六大高排放产业”的碳排放占全国碳排放的比重都在八成以上,是实现碳达峰的关键。同时,“六大高排放产业”规模大、就业人数多,在各省的分布有所差异。为实现碳达峰,要根据产业及其分布特点,制定碳达峰方案。对电力、蒸汽和热水的生产和供应业,需加快形成“横向多能互补,纵向源网荷储协调”的新型电力系统,同时提升供热产业的能源效率和可再生能源利用比例;对黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、非金属矿物制品业、石油加工和炼焦业、化学原料和化学制品业等四大高排放制造业,需压减产能、促进产业升级、优化产业布局,对运输、仓储和邮电服务业﹐运输和仓储业需改变运输动力、促进技术创新、优化运输结构,邮电服务业要加强碳排放信息披露、加大技术创新、提高可再生能源利用比例。

China's carbon emission has a stable industrial concentration.The carbon emissions of the topsix industries from 2000 to 2017,such as the production and supply of electric power,steam and hot water,ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing,non-metallic mineral products,transportation,storage and postand telecommunications services,chemical raw materials and chemicals,and petroleum processing and coking.accounted for more than 80%of the national carbon emissions,which were the key to achieve carbon peak.At thesame time,the top six industries of carbon emissions had large scale and large number of employees,and theirdistribution in each province was different.In order to achicve carbon peak,the scheme should be formulatedaccording to the industry and its distribution characteristics.For the production and supply of electric power,steam and hot water,it is necessary to accelerate the formation of a new power system of"horizontal multienergy complementarity and vertical sourcc nctwork load storage coordination",as well as to improve the energyefficiency and renewable energy utilization ratio of the heating industry;for the four manufacturing industrieswith high carbon emissions,including ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry,non-metallic mineral products industry,chemical raw materials and chemicals industry, petroleum processing and coking industry,it is necessary to reduce production capacity, promote industrial upgrading and optimize industrial layout;fortransportation, storage and post and telecommunications services, the transportation and storage industry needs tochange the transportation power, promote technological innovation and optimize the transportation structure. Thepost and telecommunications service industry needs to strengthen the disclosure of carbon emission information,increase technological innovation and improve the utilization proportion of renewable energy.