农村宅基地退出潜力空间分异与分层协同分区——以湖北宜城市为例

Spatial differentiation and hierarchical collaborative zoning of rural homestead withdrawal potential:A case study of Yicheng City,Hubei Province

农村宅基地退出潜力具有典型的地域分异性和空间关联性特征,是分类实施农村宅基地制度改革的基础。本文基于理论潜力、意愿潜力和现实潜力3个层次,深入探讨农村宅基地退出的内在逻辑关系,运用空间组合分析和耦合度模型,提出一种农村宅基地退出潜力分层协同分区方法,以湖北省宜城市为例揭示3类农村宅基地退出潜力的分异特征和耦合关系,识别农村宅基地退出的分区类型及其优化方向。结果表明:(1)宜城市农村宅基地退出理论潜力分布广泛,意愿潜力和现实潜力呈现出典型的"中心-边缘"特征,外出务工人数占比是影响农村宅基地退出意愿潜力的重要因子;(2)3类退出潜力的组合分析显示超过一半的村(社区)具有分级一致性,而分级组合非一致区的3类潜力以低水平耦合为主;(3)宜城市农村宅基地退出可划分为5个区,包括优先退出区、重点退出区、一般退出区、弹性退出区和意愿限制区;其中,优先退出区是推进农村宅基地退出改革试点的重点。政府应在明确农村宅基地退出与转型发展方向的基础上,构建以农户利益为中心的差异化分区退出机制和农户长久利益保障机制。

The potential of rural homestead withdrawal,with typical characteristics of regional differentiation and spatial association,is the basis for the stratified implementation of rural homestead system reform.This study analyzed the logical relationship of rural homestead withdrawal based on the theoretical potential,willingness potential,and real potential.A hierarchical collaborative zoning method of potential of rural homestead withdrawal is proposed by combining the analysis of space combination with the coupling model.We took Yicheng City in Hubei Province as an example to carry out the empirical research.The differentiation and coupling relationship of the three types of potentials of rural homestead withdrawal were well revealed in Yicheng City.The zoning of rural homestead withdrawal and the optimization direction for different zones were identified.The results show that:(1)The theoretical potential of rural homestead withdrawal in Yicheng is widely distributed,while the willingness potential and real potential show a typical core-periphery feature,which means that the willingness potential and real potential in the central plain area is significantly higher than those in the surrounding hilly areas.The proportion of migrant workers is an important factor affecting the areal proportion of willingness to withdraw from homesteads.(2)The combination analysis of the three types of potentials shows that more than half of the villages(communities)exhibit hierarchical consistency,while the three types of potentials within the non-consistent areas of the hierarchical combination are mainly low level coupling.(3)The rural homestead withdrawal area of Yicheng City is divided into five zones,including priority withdrawal area,key withdrawal area,general withdrawal area,elastic withdrawal area,and willingness limit area.Among them,the priority withdrawal area is the key site to implement rural homestead withdrawal reform pilot projects.The government should construct a differentiated zoning withdrawal mechanism centered on farmers’interests and a protection mechanism of farmers’long-term benefits based on clarifying the direction of rural homestead withdrawal and transformative development.