金针禅心——魏晋南北朝时期的针灸僧人及医事活动

Acupuncture Needle and Zen Mind:Buddhist Acupuncturist in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and Their Medical Activities

随着佛教的传入,魏晋南北朝时期的针灸僧人从以域外僧侣为主向本土僧侣为主转变,其针灸医疗实践也随之发生改变。早期域外僧侣的针刺实践及汉译佛经中有关针刺的记载实为古代印度医学中的放血疗法,西晋之后,针灸僧人以本土僧侣为主,医疗实践以本土针灸为主,如域外的金针拨障术等是传入中国后才作为针灸技术应用的,这是金针拨障术能在本土医学中传播的根本原因。就针灸而言,佛教的影响极其有限,我国针灸学以其完整的知识体系和理论自洽性,大大缩小了域外针刺疗法的生存空间。

The number of local Buddhist acupuncturists increased with the introduction of Buddhism during the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties. The style of acupuncture practice changed subsequently. Actually, the early acupuncture practice by foreign monks and the records about puncturing with needles in the early Buddhist scriptures that were translate into Chinese is blood-letting therapy of ancient Indian medicine. After the Western Jin dynasty, local Buddhist acupuncturists were the main practitioners, and traditional acupuncture was the main medical practice. The extrinsic technique Couching Cataract Surgery was introduced into China as an acupuncture technique which is the fundamental reason for its local spread. As far as acupuncture is concerned, Buddhism’s influence has been extremely limited. With its systematic and self-consistent theory, local acupuncture has greatly reduced the room for extrinsic acupuncture therapy.