贵州铝土矿含矿岩系特征、形成时代、古地理环境及成因探讨——纪念黔中发现铝土矿80周年

Study on the Rock Series Characteristics,Formation age,Paleogeographic Environment and Genesis of Bauxite in Guizhou--Commemorating the 80th anniversary of the discovery of bauxite in Central Guizhou

罗绳武、蒋溶、乐森璕等老一辈地质学家,于1941年在黔中发现铝土矿至今已80周年。80年来,贵州共发现铝土矿矿床78个,其中超大型矿床3个,大型8个,中型21个,小型46个,累计探明铝土矿资源量109714万吨。贵州铝土矿形成时代,已从黔中清镇-修文、息烽-遵义的早石炭世杜内期晚期至维宪期中期,扩展到黔北—渝南晚石炭世逍遥期(卡西莫夫期—格舍尔期),黔东凯里—黄平中二叠世罗甸期(空谷期早期)等。这些不同时代铝土矿含矿岩系,分别形成于黔中古陆、黔北—渝南古陆和湘黔桂古陆之上,均靠近并面向大海。各时代铝土矿含矿岩系沉积区,皆位于赤道附近,炎热湿润的热带气候条件,既有利于母岩的红土化,也有利于母岩中碳酸盐岩的岩溶化。正地形上的红土风化壳物质,可被流水搬运到附近各种形态的岩溶负地形中沉积下来,形成为岩溶型铝土矿含矿岩系。红土化、岩溶化、搬运、沉积,大致是在同一种环境、同一时间段内连续进行的。

In 1941,the older generation of geologists LUO Shengwu,JIANG Rong,LE Senxun etc.,the 80th anniversary of the bauxite has been found in guizhou.In the past 80 years,a total of 78 bauxite deposits have been discovered in Guizhou,including 3 super-large deposits,8 large deposits,21 medium deposits and 46 small deposits,with a total proved bauxite resource of 109.714 million tons.The formation age of bauxite in Guizhou has expanded from the late Dune period of early Carboniferous in Qingzhen,Xiuwen,Xifeng and Zunyi in central Guizhou to the middle Weixian Period,to the late Free period of Late Carboniferous in northern Guizhou-Southern Chongqing,and to the early Luodian period of Middle Permian in Kaili in eastern Guizhou.These bauxite ore-bearing rocks of different ages were formed on the central Guizhou ancient land,the northern Guizhou-southern Chongqing ancient land and the Hunan-Guizhou and Gui-Guangxi ancient land,which were all close to and facing the sea.Bauxite ore-bearing rock series sedimentary zone in each era located near the equator,hot and humid tropical climate conditions,both is advantageous to the parent rock laterization,also is advantageous to the parent rock of carbonate karst and laterization karst mineralization is roughly at the same time,is the terrain on the laterite weathering crust material,can be near to the various forms of karst water deposited in the negative terrain,the formation of karst type bauxite in ore-bearing rock series.