儿童社交自我知觉的发展及其与孤独感和安静退缩的关系

Developmental Trajectories of Self-Perceived Social Competence and Its Relevance to Loneliness and Passive Withdrawal in Childhood

采用问卷法对253名小学三年级和四年级儿童进行两年追踪调查,以考察儿童社交自我知觉的发展轨迹,并分析社交自我知觉的发展与孤独感和安静退缩的关系。结果发现:(1)儿童社交自我知觉的发展趋势存在两类异质性群组,分别为增长组(占比93.7%)和下降组(占比6.3%)。(2)增长组儿童的孤独感在三次测量中均显著低于下降组儿童;在两年间,增长组的孤独感显著降低,而下降组的孤独感显著增长。(3)增长组与下降组儿童的安静退缩在前两次测量中不存在显著差异;在两年间,增长组儿童的安静退缩无显著变化,而下降组的安静退缩显著增长。

The present research conducted a two-year longitudinal survey to explore the trajectories of self-perceived social competence and investigated the predictive effects of self-perceived social competence on loneliness and passive withdrawal.The current study sample consisted of 253 elementary school students from grade three and grade four.The children were asked to complete the Self-Perceived Social Competence(SPSC)Measure,Loneliness Questionnaire,and the Revised Class Play Questionnaire.The results showed that:1)The development tendencies of self-perceived social competence could be classified into two categories(growth and decline),accounted for 93.7%and 6.3%samples respectively.2)The loneliness of growth group was lower than that of the declining group in three tests,and it revealed decreasing developmental tend;while the loneliness of the declining group increased in two years.3)There was no significant difference of passive withdrawal between the growth group and the declining group except for the last test;the passive withdrawal of the declining group increased during the researched period,while there was no significant change of the passive withdrawal of the growth group.