司法解释附带审查制度论

Study on the Mechanism of Incidental Review in Judicial Interpretation

随着《民法典》的颁行,司法解释的重要性更为凸显。司法解释因逾越解释界线进行造法、违反法律规定、缺乏严谨程序而遭遇理论上的诘难和实务中的困境。现有司法解释监督制度不尽完善:立法机关对司法解释的备案审查“姗姗来迟”、审查能力难以满足精细化审查要求、缺乏具体案例情境而难以发现问题、审查客体难免存在“漏网之鱼”;司法解释自我清理常态机制缺失且动力不足;司法解释社会监督欠缺透明度和反馈机制。司法解释附带审查具有易于发现问题、审查建议具有相对客观性、申请主体具有“强劲动力”、审查对象宽泛、维护全国人大常委会监督权威、可以中止案件审理而避免事后救济等独特优势。我国亟需从司法解释附带审查的主体、对象、内容与程序规则等方面建立完备的审查规则体系。

With the promulgation of the Civil Code,the importance of judicial interpretation is even more prominent.Judicial interpretation encounters theoretical criticism and practical difficulties by exceeding the boundaries of interpretation,violation of legal provisions,and lack of rigorous procedures.The existing judicial interpretation supervision system is not perfect,for instance,the filing and scrutiny of judicial interpretation by the legislature doesn’t react in time;the legislature lacks of scrutiny ability to cope with refined review,there is a shortage of case scenario and certain objects are missed in the process of scrutiny;the normal self-review mechanism of judicial interpretation is missing and the lack of motivation;public supervision of judicial interpretation lacks of transparency and feedback.The incidental examination of judicial interpretation has the unique advantages of being easy to find problems,relatively objective review suggestions,“strong motivation”,broad objects of review,safeguarding the supervision authority of the NPC Standing Committee,and suspending the trial of cases and avoiding relief after-event.It is urgent for China to establish a complete system of review rules from the subject,object,content and procedural rules of incidental review of judicial interpretation.