论选举对唐代士大夫法律素养的影响

On Influence of Election on the Legal Literacy of Scholar-officials in the Tang Dynasty

选举是唐代文人成为官员而跻身士大夫行列的主要途径。在选举过程中,国家不仅要求应试士子精通儒家经义,还重视考察他们的法律素养。因此,在科举的明法科、进士科及制科中,在吏部铨选和科目选中,均涉及对法律素养的考察。这对唐代士大夫群体法律素养产生了重要影响。选拔考试使得士大夫在入仕之前便对法律知识有所储备,从而形成文法兼备的知识结构,并对决断能力有所培养,为胜任帝国官吏临政治民的职务奠定了坚实基础。拥有良好法律素养的士大夫进入官僚体系后,修律设刑,持法断狱,使唐代法制更趋完善,运行平稳,影响深远。

Election is the main way for the literati to become scholar-officials in Tang Dynasty.In the election process,the state not only requires candidates to be proficient in Confucian classics,but also pays attention to their legal literacy.Therefore,in the Mingfa,Jinshi and Zhike of the imperial examination,Selection after evaluating qualifications and subject selection all involved the investigation of legal literacy.This had an important impact on the legal literacy of the scholar-officials in the Tang Dynasty.The selection and examination made the literati reserve legal knowledge before they became officials,thus forming a knowledge structure with both literature and law,and cultivating their decision-making ability,which laid a solid foundation for being competent for the imperial official’s duty of governing the people.After the literati with good legal literacy entered the bureaucratic system,they revised the law and set up punishment,and trial according to the law,which made the legal system of Tang Dynasty tend to be perfect,run smoothly,and have a far-reaching influence.