从工厂工人到网约工:平台经济时代农民工就业问题的变与不变

From Factory Workers to Gig Workers:Changes and Invariance of Migrant Workers’Employment in the Era of Platform Economy

平台经济的蓬勃发展创造出大体量的就业岗位,为稳就业和保就业发挥了重要作用。然而,在从工厂工人逐渐转向网约工的过程中,数千万农民工既面临着去雇主化、非人性化、情感功利化等就业新挑战,也面临着弱势化、过劳化、短工化等就业旧难题。总的来说,在平台经济时代,农民工实质上面临着新旧就业问题的交织与叠加。解决农民工就业问题,应当分出轻重缓急,统筹规划、分步实施、稳步推进。具体而言,近期任务应当是健全社保权益保护制度,建立平台集体协商机制;中期任务应当是加强政府监管规制力度,畅通数据共享流通渠道;远期任务应当是提高平台工作体面性,提升劳动者技能水平。

The vigorous development of platform economy creates a large number of jobs,which plays an important role in stabilizing employment and ensuring employment.However,in the process of gradually changing from factory workers to gig workers,tens of millions of migrant workers are facing new employment challenges such as de-employer,de-humanization and emotional utilitarianism,as well as old difficulties such as weakening,overworking and moving.Generally speaking,in the era of platform economy,migrant workers are faced with the interweaving and superposition of old and new employment problems.In order to solve the employment problem of migrant workers,we should make overall planning,implement step by step,and make steady progress according to the principle of priority.Specifically,the short-term task should be to improve the social security rights and interests protection system and establish a collective negotiation mechanism for platform;the medium-term task should be to strengthen the supervision and regulation of the government and smooth the data sharing and circulation channels;the long-term task should be to improve the dignity of the platform work and the skill level of workers.