地区关系文化、正式制度与企业双元创新

Regional Guanxi Culture,Formal Institution and Ambidextrous Innovation

本文基于世界银行的中国制造企业调查数据以及中国私营企业抽样调查数据,探究中国非正式制度情境中“关系文化”与正式制度驱动企业双元创新(探索式创新与利用式创新)的具体作用与内在机理。研究表明:(1)地区关系文化能够通过资源供给与共享机制实现企业双元创新的激励效应。(2)市场化环境作为一种正式的制度安排,在关系文化与利用式创新之间产生正向调节效应,对探索式创新行为不存在显著的协同效应。(3)地区关系文化驱动中小企业双元创新的激励效应更强,且在关系文化弱的区域,企业开展探索式创新更有助于获取产品销售业绩。研究证实了正式制度与非正式制度并存对企业双元创新行为的协同效应与异质性,启示企业在驱动双元创新的过程中,要同时重视正式制度与非正式制度的作用,继续推进市场化正式制度建设,注重地区关系文化,并对中小企业开展双元创新正向激励。

Based on the micro data of China’s manufacturing enterprises from the World Bank and the survey data of Chinese private enterprises,this paper explores the specific role and micro mechanism of“guanxi culture”and formal system in the process of driving enterprises’heterogeneous innovation behavior(exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation).The results show that:firstly,regional guanxi culture can play an incentive effect on exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation through resource supply(financing mechanism)and sharing mechanism(knowledge and information sharing).Secondly,as a formal institutional arrangement,market-oriented environment has a positive moderating effect between regional guanxi culture and exploitative innovation,but there is no significant synergistic effect on exploratory innovation with more risk seeking attributes and more fuzzy context.Finally,the incentive effect of regional guanxi culture in driving ambidextrous innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises is stronger;and in regions with weak relationship culture,exploratory innovation is more conducive to product sales performance.The contribution of this paper is to confirm that the coexistence of regional guanxi culture and formal system has great synergy and heterogeneity effect on corporate’s ambidextrous innovation.Besides,the conclusion of this paper enlightens enterprises to pay attention to the incentive role of formal system and informal system on ambidextrous innovation,and the government needs to continue to promote the construction of market-oriented formal system,pay attention to regional guanxi culture to provide positive incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises to carry out ambidextrous innovation.