观念祛魅与边界重构:数字时代的西方元新闻话语研究

How the Internet Influences Western Journalism:A Study of Meta-Journalistic Discourse in the Digital Age

当前的新闻业已经在很大程度上被互联网和数字媒体重塑,通过对关于何为数字新闻业的话语讨论,可以站在历史的维度上重新理解互联网对西方新闻业的影响。本文通过对元新闻话语的考察,梳理了新闻界近20年对互联网和新闻业关系的话语变迁。研究认为互联网带来了新闻业的杂糅(hybrid)生态,新闻界对于二者关系的理解则经历了以“技术赋权”为核心话语的参与时代,以“结构危机”为核心话语的危机时代,以“权力转移”为核心话语的平台时代和以“另类路径”为核心话语的民粹时代。这反映出西方新闻业与互联网的关系体现在“观念上的技术祛魅”与“结构上的边界重构”,技术扮演何种角色和新闻业边界如何划定是理解当前数字新闻业的两大核心问题。

Present-day journalism has been largely reshaped by the Internet and digital media.It’s possible to re-interpret the influence of the Internet on Western journalism from a historical perspective by discourse analysis on“what is digital journalism?”.This paper investigates the changes in the discourse on the relationship between the Internet and journalism in the last 20 years by meta-journalistic discourse analysis.The study argues that Internet created the hybrid media system,and the relationship between the Internet and journalism has undergone the participatory era with“technological empowerment”as the core discourse;the crisis era with“structural crisis”as the core discourse;the platform era with“power shift”as the core discourse and the populist era with“alternative paths”as the core discourse.It reflects the relationship between Western journalism and the Internet based on the technological disenchantment on concept and the reconstruction of structural boundary in journalism.What role technology plays and how the boundaries of journalism are delineated are two core questions to understand the current digital journalism.