同振式矢量水听器耐压球壳优化设计

Optimal Design of Pressure-resistant Spherical Shell for Co-vibrating Vector Hydrophone

针对深水矢量水听器的结构耐压问题,推导外压球壳最大应力公式,分析同振式球形矢量水听器的材料和尺寸对其声学性能和耐压性能的影响。基于此,给出一种最小平均密度薄壁耐压球壳的设计方法。从典型深海工程材料中优选7075T6铝合金材料,设计、制作一型设计耐压深度3000 m的同振式球形矢量水听器。对该水听器耐压结构进行了有限元仿真,并对其灵敏度、指向性和耐压能力进行了测试。结果表明:该矢量水听器具有良好的余弦指向性,500 Hz处灵敏度为-188 dB,能够耐受37.5 MPa外压;最小平均密度薄壁耐压球壳的设计方法及工程样机设计方案是合理和可行的。

For the structural pressure resistance problem of deep-water vector hydrophones,the formula of maximum stress of spherical shell under external pressure was derived,and the influences of material,radius and thickness of co-vibrating spherical vector hydrophone on its acoustic performance and pressure-resistance were analyzed.Based on this,a design method of thin pressure-resistant spherical shell with minimum average density was given.The applicability of several commonly used deep sea engineering materials was studied,and a co-vibrating spherical vector hydrophone with working depth of 3000 m was designed and developed by using 7075T6 aluminum alloy.The finite element simulation of vector hydrophone was carried out,and the sensitivity,directivity and pressure-resistance were tested experimentally.Results show that the vector hydrophone provides well cosine directivity and has a sensitivity of-188 dB at 500 Hz and a pressure resistance of 37.5 MPa,and the design method of thin pressure-resistant spherical shell with minimum average density and the engineering prototype design scheme are reasonable and practicable.