含装药缺陷的固体火箭发动机性能评估综述

Review on Performance Evaluation of Solid Rocket Motors with Charge Defects

装药缺陷是影响固体火箭发动机安全工作的重要因素。为确保安全发射,需对装药缺陷所造成的发动机性能偏差进行分析,从而对发动机的工作性能作出评估。鉴于装药缺陷行为的复杂性,目前尚未建立起完善的评估体系。基于固体火箭发动机装药缺陷行为,综述裂纹和脱粘扩展的理论与试验研究方法,包括起裂准则研究、影响扩展的因素研究及推进剂材料断裂性能研究;分别从燃气进入裂纹的边界条件和燃气传播对裂纹扩展影响两方面,综述药柱裂纹与燃气相互作用机理的研究现状;为达到对含装药缺陷的固体火箭发动机完整工作过程进行数值仿真的目的,分别从燃面退移计算方法、流体-热-固体耦合计算方法和缺陷扩展计算方法3个方面,对含装药缺陷的固体火箭发动机数值计算研究进行了总结与分析,以期得到含装药缺陷的发动机工作性能数值指标,从而为发动机性能评估工作提供参考;对于装药缺陷行为研究及数值计算方法的发展作了展望,对我国含装药缺陷的固体火箭发动机性能评估工作提供一些有意义的启示。

The charge defect is an important factor affecting the safe work of solid rocket motors(SRM).In order to ensure safe launch,the deviation of the SRM performance caused by the charge defects needs to be analyzed to evaluate the working performance of SRM.In view of the complexity of the behavior of charge defects,a complete evaluation system has not been established.For the behavior of SRM charge defects,the theoretical and experimental research methods of crack and debonding propagation are reviewed,including the research on the crack initiation criterion,the factors affecting the growth and the fracture performance of propellant material.The research status of the interaction mechanism between grain crack and gas is reviewed from two aspects:the boundary conditions of gas entering the crack and the influence of gas propagation on the crack propagation.In order to achieve the purpose of numerical simulation of complete working process of SRM with charge defects,the research on its numerical calculation methods is summarized and analyzed from combustion surface regression calculation method,fluid-heat-solid coupling calculation method and defect propagation calculation method.The numerical index of the working performance of SRM with charge defects is expected to be obtained,which will be used as a reference for performance evaluation of SRM with charge defects.Finally,the development in the research on the behavior of charge defects and numerical calculation methods is prospected.