全球产业链下中国医药业的参与特征:基于产业间关联与产业内贸易的视角

The Participation Characteristics of China’s Medical Industry in the Global Industrial Chain:Based on the Perspective of Inter-industry Linkage and Intra-industry Trade

以世界投入产出表和联合国商品贸易数据库为基础,运用投入产出和社会网络的分析方法探讨了中国医药业参与全球产业链的特征。结果表明:从产业间关联来看,与我国医药制造业后向关联紧密的境外产业是种植畜牧业、化工业、商务服务业,而前向关联中出口份额较大的产品是原料药和药用辅料。从产业内贸易来看,我国已建立了广泛的个人防护品、医用耗材、药物与医疗器械贸易伙伴关系,但与美国和印度相比,贸易结构过于集中,贸易网络异质性有待提升,中介能力和支配资源的能力较弱;其中,受自主创新不足的影响,医药进口来源地高度集中在美国、德国、日本、瑞士、法国等发达国家。为此,应加快关键技术创新,扩大贸易伙伴范围,备份重点领域产能,营造良好贸易环境。

Based on the World Input-Output Table and the United Nations Commodity Trade Database,this paper uses the methods of input-output and the social network to discuss these participation characteristics.The results showed that,in terms of inter-industry linkage,the overseas industries with close backward linkage with China’s pharmaceutical industry are planting and animal husbandry,chemical industry,and business services;the forward linkage industries with a relatively large export share are active pharmaceutical ingredients and pharmaceutical excipients.In terms of intra-industry trade,China has established a wide range of trade partnerships for personal protective products,medical supplies,pharmaceuticals and medical equip-ment.But compared with USA and India,these trade structures are relatively centralized,the heterogeneity of trade network still need to be improved,and the abilities to mediate and allocate resources are relatively week.Moreover,due to the lack of independent innovation,the sources of medical im-ports are highly concentrated in the United States,Germany,Japan,Switzerland,France and other developed countries.Therefore,China should speed up the innovation of key technologies,expand the scope of trading partners,back-up production capacity in key areas and create a sound trading environment.