钢材生产阶段碳排放核算方法和碳排放因子研究综述

Review of Carbon Emission Accounting Methods and Carbon Emission Factor in Steel Production

钢材生产过程中产生大量直接或间接碳排放造成大气环境的污染,而其碳排放的研究仍然处于起步阶段,碳排放因子的取值存在较大争议。文章介绍了不同组织机构给出的应用较为广泛的钢材碳排放核算基本方法、系统边界、核算范围和排放因子取值,分析了近年来国内外文献中不同层面钢材生产阶段碳排放核算研究成果。结果显示,钢材碳排放分析理论和核算方法多样,各标准的核算方法、系统边界、核算范围和排放因子取值尚未统一。从2008—2018年中国钢铁行业和BF-BOF长流程生产企业的钢材碳排放强度主要集中在1.50tCO_(2)/t~2.50tCO_(2)/t之间,其平均值为1.97tCO_(2)/t。研究钢铁和钢铁相关行业、企业或组织以及以钢材为主要原料的产品全生命周期环境影响时,优先选择基于实际获取数据的计算结果,其次可考虑企业提供的碳排放强度或相关度较高的企业碳排放强度作为碳排放因子。若缺乏生产数据、企业统计数据且钢材生产工艺不明确,可选取此平均值作为钢材生产阶段的碳排放因子。

The large amount of direct and indirect carbon emission in the process of steel production pollutes the air.However,the research on carbon e-mission of steel production is still in its infancy,and the value of carbon emission factor remains controversial.This paper introduces the basic methods,system boundaries,accounting scope and emission factor values of carbon emission accounting for steel products,which are widely used by different organ-izations.It also analyzes the research results of carbon emission accounting at various levels of steel production in the literature home and abroad in recent years.The results show that there are various theories and accounting methods for carbon emission analysis of steel production;the accounting methods,system boundaries,accounting scope,and emission coefficient values of different standards are not yet unified.From 2008 to 2018,the carbon emission intensity of Chinese steel industry and the BF-BOF long process production enterprises mainly concentrated in the range of 1.50tCO_(2)/t~2.50tCO_(2)/t,with an average of 1.97tCO_(2)/t.When studying the whole life cycle environmental impact of steel and steel-related industries,enterprises or organizations,as well as products with steel as the primary raw material,the calculation results based on the actual data are preferred,and the carbon emission intensity provided by enterprises or steel-relevant enterprises can be considered as the carbon emission factor.If there is no production data,enterprise statistical data,and the steel production process is not clear,the average value can be taken as the carbon emission factor of the steel production.