中国区域经济发展百年历程--基于合理和效率关系的梳理

A Review of China’s Centennial Regional Economic Development--Based on the Relationship between Rationality and Efficiency

经过百年奋斗,在迎难而上、解决问题和确立新目标的历史逻辑中我国区域经济发展取得伟大成就,但是在经济增长推动经济发展的进程中,已经实现了质的飞跃的区域经济需要制定新目标以适应新时代。鉴于区域经济发展需要兼顾各方面的要求与目标,研究从合理与效率的关系出发剖析每一历史阶段政府和市场在我国区域经济发展中的作用及结果。总体看,资源禀赋差异长期制约我国区域经济的协调发展,为此中国以系统性理念探索相宜的区域经济发展模式,力争以合理与效率的双赢促进中国区域经济协调发展。分阶段看,第一个分水岭是新中国成立,在中国共产党的领导下中国区域经济布局的合理性出现历史性的跨越与新中国成立之前区域经济发展的短视化形成鲜明对比;第二个分水岭是改革开放,以效率优先、兼顾公平的原则将工作重心全面转移至经济建设,一系列保障措施使部分区域的经济效率快速提升,但是区域空间布局的合理性不足;第三个分水岭是国家再次倡导区域均衡发展,以实现共同富裕为目标缩小区域发展差距。目标区域明确的区域发展战略快速发挥作用,但是区域内的分化与区域间的差距使区域经济发展问题趋于复杂,四大区域之间的差距问题使合理与效率的关系再次被高度关注;第四个分水岭是党的十八大,科学制定战略、政府作用前置和创新发展理念是这一时期区域经济发展与之前阶段的根本区别,将区域均衡发展目标调整为区域协调发展目标是符合中国区域经济发展实际的体现,合理与效率的共生状态逐渐显现。纵观发展历程,党和国家的坚强领导、区域自我发展能力、战略之间的关系梳理是提升合理与效率在区域经济发展中共生程度的关键。

China’s regional economic development has made great achievements after a hundred years of struggle in the historical logic of facing difficulties,solving problems and establishing new goals.However,in the process of economic growth promoting economic development,the regional economy,which has achieved a qualitative leap,needs to formulate new goals to adapt to the new era.In view of the comprehensiveness of regional economic development,this study analyzes the role and results of government and market in the regional economic development of our country in each historical stage from the perspective of the relationship between rationality and efficiency.In general,the difference of resource endowment has long restricted the coordinated development of regional economy in China.China has been exploring appropriate regional economic development mode with the systematic concept,and striving for the win-win situation of rationality and efficiency.In terms of stages,the first watershed is the founding of New China.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,the rationality of China’s regional economic layout has a historic leap,which is in sharp contrast to the short-sightedness of regional economic development before the founding of new China.The second watershed is the reform and opening up,with the principle of giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness,the focus of work has been fully transferred to economic construction.A series of safeguard measures has rapidly improved the economic efficiency of some regions,but the rationality of regional spatial layout is insufficient.The third watershed is that the country once again advocates regional balanced development to achieve common prosperity as the goal of narrowing the gap in regional development.The regional development strategy with clear targeted regions has been effective quickly,but the differentiation within regions and the gap between regions have complicated the problems of regional economic development.The gap between the four regions has made the relationship between rationality and efficiency highly concerned again.The fourth watershed is the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.The fundamental differences of the regional economic development in this period from the previous stages are scientific formulation of strategies,the leading role of the government,and the innovation of development concepts.The adjustment of the goal of regional development from balanced development to coordinated development is in line with the reality of China’s regional economic development,and the symbiosis of rationality and efficiency is gradually emerging.Throughout the development process,the strong leadership of the party and the state,the regional self-development ability and the relationship between strategies are key to enhance the co-existence of rationality and efficiency in regional economic development.