代际收入传递机制及破解贫困路径研究

Research on Intergenerational Income Transmission Mechanism and the Way to Solve Poverty

2020年全国脱贫攻坚战进入决胜阶段,研究不同收入阶层影响代际收入流动性的因素及其流动机制有利于缩小贫富差距,实现共同富裕。研究了各收入阶层代际收入流动性的影响因素及其流动机制,采用双样本匹配与工具变量构造,使用代际收入转移矩阵、分位数回归和MM反事实收入分解的方法,研究发现:第一,收入阶层固化的程度随年份下降,即代际收入流动性逐年提升;第二,代际收入转移矩阵中的亚惯性率、底层不流动率与顶层不流动率在2004年以后均处在较低水平;第三,低收入水平家庭社会固化程度高于高收入水平家庭,不同收入阶层的代际流动性存在异质性;第四,子代受教育年限对代际收入流动影响最大;第五,代际收入差距主要由特征差异效应导致。因此,政府可以实施积极的财政政策,通过提高子代人力资本投入提高代际流动性。

In 2020,the national poverty alleviation campaign has entered a decisive stage.Studying the factors that affect the intergenerational income mobility of different income classes and their mobility mechanisms will help to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor,achieve common prosperity.We adopt double sample match with instrumental variable structure,use of intergenerational income transfer matrix,quantile regression and MM counterfactual decomposition method to study the different income levels of intergenerational income mobility flow influence factors and mechanism,and finally get the following conclusions:first,the income levels of curing degree decline year by year,and intergenerational income mobility increase year by year.;Second,the subinertia rate,the bottom non-mobility rate and the top non-mobility rate of the intergenerational income transfer matrix are all at a low level after 2004.Third,the degree of social solidification of low-income families is higher than that of high-income families,and the intergenerational mobility of different income groups is heterogeneous.Fourth,the number of years of education had the greatest influence on the intergenerational income flow.Fifth,the intergenerational income gap is mainly caused by the characteristic difference effect.Therefore,the government can implement a proactive fiscal policy to improve intergenerational mobility by increasing the input of human capital into the offspring.