政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制

The CO_(2) emission trading system for road transport collaboratively governed by the government,enterprises,and residents

根据道路交通碳排放的影响机理,提出同时把上游燃料供应企业、中游汽车生产企业、下游汽车使用者同时作为道路交通碳交易的责任主体,设计了政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制,包括碳配额总量设定、初始碳配额分配、行业基准设定、履约考核、市场交易以及监测报告核查等制度.通过案例与情景分析揭示了道路交通碳交易的多主体协同作用机理:在政府对于碳配额总量和行业基准的调控下,燃料供应企业将通过改变燃料成分来降低燃料排放因子;汽车生产企业将通过提高汽车燃油经济性和新能源汽车比例来降低汽车能耗强度;汽车使用者将通过减少车辆行驶里程降低交通需求或者购买使用新能源汽车.本文所提出的政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制,可以分别从上游、中游、下游促进道路交通碳排放的3个关键影响因素——燃料排放因子、汽车能耗强度、交通活动需求协同优化,能够有效控制道路交通温室气体排放增长,进而加速“碳达峰”的实现和“碳中和”的转型.

This study designed an emission trading system for road transport(ETS-RT)which is collaboratively governed by the government,enterprises,and residents.In the ETS-RT,the upstream fuel producers,midstream vehicle manufacturers,and downstream vehicle users are all involved as regulated entities.The scheme of the ETS-RT includes cap and allocation of the carbon quota,setting of industry benchmarks,examining of compliance,trading of carbon quota,monitoring,reporting,and verification(MRV)of carbon emission.Through case and scenario analysis,the multi-agent collaboration mechanism of the ETS-RT was revealed:under the government’s regulation on carbon quota and industry benchmark,fuel producers change the fuel composition to reduce the emission factor of automotive fuels,vehicle manufacturers improve the fuel economy and increase the production of new energy vehicles to reduce the energy consumption intensity of vehicles,while vehicle users decrease the annual vehicle miles to reduce the travel demand or choose the new energy vehicles.The proposed ETS-RT can promote the collaborative optimization of fuel emission factors,vehicle energy intensities,and traffic activity demand,which are the key influencing factors of the road transport CO2 emissions.As a result,it can effectively control the growth of greenhouse gas emissions from road transport,thereby accelerating the achievement of"CO_(2) emissions peak"and the transition to"carbon neutrality".