我国环评行政案件司法审查之全景审视--基于545份裁判文书的实证分析

On Judicial Review of Chinese Environmental Impact Assessment Cases An Empirical Analysis of 545 Judgments

作为预防环境不良影响的前置性阀门,环评具有明显的科技不确定性和风险预判性,这对环评行政案件司法审查提出了挑战。通过大样本的实证分析,能够准确把握现阶段我国环评行政案件的特色并预测其对司法审查可能产生的影响。从既有实践来看,此类案件的司法审查确实面临着质效拷问,原告胜诉率低、上诉率高,在诉权保障、实体审查、程序审查方面均未充分回应环评行政案件的特色,未实现从规范主义向功能主义法律适用立场的转变。亟需实行有区分度的司法审查密度,建立类型化的司法审查基准,在环评审批行为实质化后由法院对其进行过程性审查。

As a valve to prevent adverse environmental impact, environmental impact assessment(EIA) bears obvious technological uncertainty and risk predictability, which challenges judicial review of EIA cases.Empirical analysis of a large sample can help us recognize the characteristics of current cases, and predict their possible impact on judicial review.Currently, judicial review of these cases faces the problems of quality and performance, including low winning rate and high appeal rate of the plaintiffs, the failure to embody characteristics of EIA cases in litigation rights safeguard, substantive review, and procedural review, and the failure to change from normative to functionalist legal application.So it is urgent to implement differentiated judicial review density, and establish typed judicial review benchmarks.When the EIA approval is substantive, the court can conduct a procedural review of it.