抵押预告登记效力研究--以《担保制度解释》第52条为分析对象

Study on the Effectiveness of Mortgage Advance Notice Registration:An Analysis of Article 52 in the Interpretation of Guarantee System

所有权预告登记效力与抵押权预告登记效力应予区分。所有权预告登记制度旨在保障所有权变动的顺利发生,通过限制预告登记义务人的处分行为保障债权实现。抵押预告登记旨在促成抵押权的设立,其限制处分行为不包括限制抵押预告登记义务人再设抵押。《民法典》未就预告登记效力予以明确,《担保制度解释》第52条弥补了立法上的空白,但并非将抵押预告登记予以物权化,而是通过人民法院审查模式并配合登记技术手段实现抵押预告登记与抵押登记之间的有效衔接,并以此为基础,赋予抵押预告登记以顺位保护效力、优先清偿效力与破产保护效力,从而有效保障了预告登记权利人的利益。

The effectiveness of ownership advance notice registration should be distinguished from that of mortgage advance notice registration.The ownership advance notice registration is intended to guarantee that the ownership changes will occur successfully, and the obligatory right will be realized by restricting the act of disposition of the obligor.The mortgage advance notice registration is intended to facilitate the establishment of a mortgage, and its restriction of disposition does not include restricting obligor′s remortgage rights.The Civil Code fails to provide clear stipulations on the effectiveness of advance notice registration. Article 52 in The Interpretation of Guarantee System fills the legislative gap, but instead of materializing the mortgage advance notice registration, it realizes the effective connection between the mortgage advance notice registration and the mortgage registration through the review mode of the People′s Court along with the technical means of registration, and on this basis, mortgage advance notice registration is given order protection effectiveness, priority liquidity effectiveness and bankruptcy protection effectiveness, thus effectively protecting the interests of the holder of the advance registration.