南方高产高抗花生新品系筛选鉴定

Screening and Identification of New Peanut Strains with High Yield and High Resistance in the South of China

为筛选出适合南方地区种植的高产、抗病、优质专用型花生新品种,以湛油75为对照品种,对南方地区新选育出的10个花生新品系进行产量、品质和抗病(逆)性等性状鉴定。结果表明:海科花181和福花0945荚果产量分别比对照湛油75增产39.66%和23.05%,籽仁产量比对照湛油75增产43.79%和24.42%,差异均达极显著水平。与对照湛油75相比,泉花1478、桂花66和汕油121荚果产量增产达极显著水平,但籽仁产量增产不显著;虔油粉色和湛油103荚果和籽仁产量增产均未达显著水平。琼花1104油酸含量较高,为70.12%;贺油1079蛋白含量为29.43%,达国家高蛋白标准(28%);各参试花生新品系抗旱性、耐涝性均较强,抗病性水平中。综合各参试花生新品系的产量、田间长势、抗病(逆)性等指标,海科花181和福花0945综合表现较优,可进行小范围示范试种;琼花1104可作为高油酸材料作亲本利用,贺油1079可作为高蛋白材料作亲本利用。

In order to screen out the new peanut varieties with high yield,disease resistance and high quality suitable for being planted in the south of China,Zhanyou 75 was used as the control variety to identify the yield,quality and disease resistance of the 10 new peanut strains newly bred in the south of China.The results showed that the pod yield of Haikehua 181 and Fuhua 0945 respectively increased by 39.66%and 23.05%compared with that of Zhanyou 75,and the seed kernel yield respectively increased by 43.79%and 24.42%compared with that of Zhanyou 75,with extremely significant differences.Compared with Zhanyou 75,the pod yield of Quanhua 1478,Guihua 66 and Shanyou 121 increased significantly,but the seed kernel yield did not increase significantly,while the pod yield and seed kernel yield of Qianyoufense and Zhanyou 103 did not increase significantly.Qionghua 1104 had higher oleic acid content(70.12%).The protein content of Heyou 1079 was 29.43%,which reached the national high protein standard(28%).The drought resistance and flood resistance of all the tested peanut strains were strong,and the disease resistance level was medium.In consideration of the indexes such as the yield,field growth and resistance to disease,Haikehua 181 and Fuhua 0945 showed better overall performance and could be used for the small-scale planting demonstration experimentally.Qionghua 1104 could be used as the parent of high oleic acid material and Heyou 1079 could be used as the parent of high protein material.