世界的“祛魅”与现代精神世界的重建——由马克斯·韦伯展开的思考

The Disenchantment of the World and the Reconstruction of the Modern Spiritual World——Thinking from Max Weber

对于韦伯而言,世界的“祛魅”意味着人类认知和理解世界方式的重大转变,以理性化为本质特征的科学话语取代了以信仰为本质特征的宗教话语成为最重要的世界叙事方式。世界的“祛魅”是现代性启蒙精神的重要表现,为人类实现自我解放和社会解放提供了思想前提,但也引发了人类价值取向领域内的“诸神之争”,造成了社会的体制化、非人化和彻底的官僚化,抹杀了西方文明中提倡的自主个性。众多西方思想家对世界“祛魅”引发的社会隐忧进行了深刻的批判性反思,中国传统的儒家伦理也为现代精神世界的重建提供了重要的思想资源。面对“祛魅”带来的精神困顿和意义迷失,现代人要积极致力于建构一个更加丰富多彩的精神世界。

For Weber,the disenchantment of the world means a major change in the way humans perceive and understand the world.Scientific discourse with rationalization as its essential feature has replaced religious discourse with faith as its essential feature becoming the most important way of the narrative of the world.The disenchantment of the world is an important manifestation of the enlightenment spirit of modernity,providing an ideological prerequisite for human beings to realize self-liberation and social emancipation.However,it has also triggered the conflicts of gods in the field of human value orientation,resulting in the institutionalization,dehumanization and thorough bureaucratization of society,which has obliterated the independence and individuality advocated in western civilization.Many Western thinkers,including have deeply critically reflected on the social worries caused by the disenchantment of the world,Chinese traditional Confucian ethics also provide important ideological resources for the reconstruction of the modern spiritual world.Facing the mental distress and loss of meaning caused by disenchantment,modern people should actively devote themselves to constructing a more colorful spiritual world.