适当降低玉米自给率的经济和生态意义思考

Reflections on the Economic and Ecological Significance of Appropriately Reducing the Self-sufficiency Rate of Corn

粮豆轮作是农业面源污染治理的治本性措施,不仅可以提高玉米和大豆单产、降低玉米和大豆的生产成本,而且还可以提升玉米和大豆的国际市场竞争力。受必须保证玉米基本自给的传统粮食安全观影响,国家对玉米和大豆采取不对等的贸易保护政策,致使粮豆轮作受到较大抑制,导致我国玉米生产陷入“高投入、高产出、高污染、高成本、低效率”的连作模式。为此,需要提高大豆贸易成本、适度限制大豆进口;提升玉米配额数目,适度放开玉米进口,将玉米基本自给调整为自给占80%~85%的绝对优势状态,以实现基本的粮豆轮作。这样,目前我国大量进口大豆的单一贸易格局就被分解成既进口大豆又进口玉米,大豆进口独大的生态被动局面将会得到扭转。

Grain soybean rotation is a fundamental measures to control agricultural non-point source pollution.At the same time,it can also improve the unit yield of corn and soybean,reduce the production cost of corn and soybean,and improve the international market competitiveness of corn and soybean.However,we firmly adhere to the traditional food security concept that the main grain corn must ensure basic self-sufficiency,we have adopted a very unequal trade protection policy for corn and soybean,which has greatly restrained the grain soybean rotation,and also led to the continuous cropping mode of high input,high yield,high pollution,high cost and low efficiency.Therefore,we need to increase the cost of soybean trade and moderately restrict soybean import;increase the number of corn quotas,moderately liberalize corn imports,and adjust the basic self-sufficiency of corn to the absolute advantage that the self-sufficiency accounting for 80%~85%,so as to realize a long-term basic grain and soybean rotation.In this way,the single trade pattern of only a large number of imported soybeans in China will be decomposed into both imported soybeans and imported corn,and the ecological passive situation of soybean import dominance will be reversed.