我国民族地区提升“社区韧性”的理论探索与实践经验

Theoretical Exploration and Practical Experience of the Improving Community Resilience in Ethnic Areas of China

“社区韧性”是社区应对各类灾害冲击的能力和灾后自我恢复的能力,具有重要的防灾减灾功能。近年来,国际减灾领域已形成一种超越“技术性要素”的广义的社区韧性理念,包括社区社会资本、社区认同感、社会组织、地方性知识和个体韧性。基于社区韧性营造的理论与实践,社区韧性不仅仅是一个技术问题,应将其内嵌于地方的社会文化语境之中考虑一系列非技术性因素,从而能更为精准和有效地提升社区韧性。因此,我国民族地区应通过积极组织开展社区活动促进邻里关系,激活和巩固社会资本;培育和发展社区互助组织、促进传统民间互助组织的复兴;重新审视和挖掘少数民族传统文化中所蕴含的防灾减灾知识,实现地方性知识体系与现代防灾技术的有效衔接;充分利用国际资源启动社区减灾培训计划,增强个体韧性。

Community resilience refers to the ability of communities to respond to various disasters and self-recovery after disasters,and has an important function of disaster prevention and mitigation.In recent years,the field of international disaster reduction has formed a broad concept of community resilience that transcends technical elements,including community social capital,community identity,social organization,local knowledge,and individual resilience.Based on the theory and practice of community resilience creation,community resilience is not only a technical issue,it should be embedded in the local social and cultural context and a series of non-technical factors should be considered,so as to improve community resilience more accurately and effectively.Therefore,my country's ethnic areas should actively organize community activities to promote neighborhood relations and activate and consolidate social capital;cultivate and develop community mutual-aid organizations and promote the revival of traditional non-governmental mutual-aid organizations;re-examine and excavate the knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation contained in the traditional culture of ethnic minorities,and realize the effective connection between the local knowledge system and modern disaster prevention technology;make full use of international resources to launch community disaster reduction training programs to enhance individual resilience.