从“背离”到“融合”:高校创业教育与专业教育的困境及其消解

From Separation to Integration:The Dilemma and Resolution of Entrepreneurship Education and Professional Education in Universities

创业教育作为我国大学的一种发展理念,是对原有专业教育理念的变革,创业教育与专业教育具有内在的必然联系。然而,创业教育在处理与专业教育的关系时,均不同程度地表现出与专业教育“背离”的实然境况。具体表现为,在高校人才培养目标中缺少“创新创业”要素、高校创业课程教学与专业课程教学存在“两张皮”的现象、高校创业活动中以项目替代教育现象严重、高校创业课教师与专业课教师缺乏沟通互动。其根本因由在于对高校创业教育理解缺少认同、功利主义目标下的价值偏向、制度供给缺位下的指导乏力。推进高校创业教育与专业教育的融合需合力打造分层级的高校创新创业人才培养目标、努力构建“通专结合”的高校创新创业课程体系、着力形成多元化的高校创新创业教学方法以及致力创设互联互通的高校创新创业实践活动。

Entrepreneurship education,as a development concept of our country's universities,is a conceptual change of the original professional education,and the two have an inherent and inevitable connection.However,in dealing with the relationship between entrepreneurship education and professional education,the actual situation of departure from professional education has been shown to varying degrees.It is specifically shown that there is a lack of innovation and entrepreneurship elements in the training objectives of professional talents.There is a phenomenon of two skins in entrepreneurship curriculum teaching and professional curriculum teaching.The phenomenon of replacing courses with projects is serious in entrepreneurial activities of universities.There is a lack of interaction between teachers of entrepreneurship courses and professional courses.The fundamental reason lies in the lack of recognition of entrepreneurship education in universities,the value bias under the utilitarian goal,and the lack of guidance in the absence of institutional supply.To promote the integration of entrepreneurial education and professional education in universities,it is necessary to build a multi-level training goal,a curriculum system combining general education and professional education,efforts to form diversified teaching methods for innovation and entrepreneurship in universities,and to create interconnected innovation and entrepreneurship practice activities universities.