充要条件复句的缺类与条件复句体系重构

Category short of compound sentences with necessary and sufficient conditions and the reestablishment of category of conditional compound sentences

语言学界多按条件性质标准建立条件复句体系,但却都在充分条件、必要条件、充要条件三类中仅选取前两类为自己所用,把由充要条件构成的复句排除类外。充要条件复句被排除类外主要因条件性质和连接词分别跟充分条件复句、必要条件复句有部分重合,而这些重合极易误导人们把其分别划归到充分条件复句、必要条件复句类中,造成充要条件复句整类丢失。因任何完善的理论体系都不能缺类,所以对条件复句体系建构需弥补充要条件复句的缺失,同时,因“无条件句”违背建类规则还须撤类。

The linguistic circles are commonly used to establish compound sentence systems on the basis of conditional standards.However,the circles have been applying compound sentences with sufficient conditions and compound sentences with necessary conditions,while excluding compound sentences with sufficient and necessary conditions.The main reason why compound sentences with sufficient and necessary conditions haven’t been accepted in the category is because their conditional nature and conjunction respectively coincides with compound sentences with sufficient conditions and compound sentences with necessary conditions to a certain extent.Thus mislead by the coinciding,people are likely to classify it into the category of compound sentences with sufficient conditions and compound sentences with necessary conditions,leading to a full shortage of category in compound sentences with necessary and sufficient conditions.Due to the fact that any perfect theoretical system should be complete in its categories,the perfection of the system of functional compound sentences calls for the supplement with compound sentences with sufficient and necessary conditions and the repeal of“unconditional sentence”for violating the rules of the establishment of category.