突发事件中网络政治次生舆情形成及纠偏研究

On the Formation and Correction of the Network Political Secondary Public Opinion in Emergency

网络政治次生舆情是网络空间中继原政治舆情之后再次产生的政治舆情,具有良性和危机性双重特征。网络政治次生舆情以舆情来源多元化、舆情传播衍生化、舆情结果复杂化为显著特征。网络政治次生舆情是五种因素合力而产生的舆情现象,具体包括:深度匿名性、全隐蔽性与高时效性的网络空间的推波助澜;网络民粹主义、非主流政治意识冲击与网络管理“真空化”导致的政治信息源头污化;主体多元化、内容失真化与政治话语泛娱乐化的媒体传播方式对政治信息真实性的影响;朋友圈的差序传播、意见领袖掌控舆论与网络暴力压制言论的网民传播方式对政治安全的冲击;网民群氓化、网民极端情绪与网民模仿催眠的群体心理催生政治次生舆情。网络政治传播中次生舆情的纠偏与治理需要从建设网络政治领域管控和预警机制、优化网络平台把关制度、强化网络意识形态引导、明确舆情疏导权责机制与政府引导网民自觉营造网络和谐舆论氛围等五方面入手,以实现突发社会事件中网络次生舆情的良性传播。

Secondary public opinion of network politics is that rising after the original political public opinion.It may misguide as well as guide the public.It may rise from diverse sources,change in spreading and produce complex results.It results from five factors:combined force of anonymity,invisibility and high efficiency of the network space;contamination resulted from network populism,non-mainstream political consciousness and the“vacuum”of network management;influence on the authenticity of political information by diversified subject,distorted content and pan-entertainment of political discourse;impact on political security caused by the differential communication of circle of friends,opinion leaders'control of public opinion and network violence in suppressing speech;netizen mobbing,extreme emotions and imitating hypnotic group psychology.Rectification of secondary public opinion on the Internet should be approached from the following aspects:construction of control and early warning mechanism,optimization of network platform control system,strengthening the ideological guiding,defining the responsibility in guiding public opinion and governmental guidance of the netizens in creating a harmonious public opinion atmosphere in order to guide the network public opinion in case of emergency.