电子商务助推小农发展的中国例证

E-commerce and Smallholder Agricultural Transformation:The Chinese Experience

电子商务的发展有力地助推了中国小农户与大市场的连接,成了小农户进入大市场的重要途径,也将有助于促进以安全、营养、可持续、有韧性的中国新型农食系统的转型。研究发现,电子商务通过降低信息和交易成本,推动小农进入全球价值链,帮助小农更好地进入市场。物流和通讯基础设施、对小农具有包容性的数字商业平台以及新农人是发展农村电子商务的前提条件。农村电子商务发展需要构建一个由网商、政府、服务商或公共服务主体共同组成的、适合小农发展的电商生态系统。网商是电商发展的主力,负责整体的网络市场运作;政府是电商发展的助力,负责道路、通信等基础设施建设,营造发展氛围,政策引导和统筹协调;服务商则提供代运营、网商孵化、人才培育、资源整合、园区运营等一系列电子商务公共服务。此外,电子商务也可能将无法参与数字经济或缺乏所需技能的小农排除在市场之外,因此,“数字鸿沟”成为在发展农产品电商过程中带来外部区域失衡和内部农户差异的重要影响因素。

The development of e-commerce has greatly boosted the connection between small farmers in China and the large market.The present study found that e-commerce enables smallholder farmers to enter the global value chain by reducing their transaction costs for information,thus facilitating their entry into the market.Logistics and communication infrastructure,inclusive digital business platforms for smallholder farmers,and a new generation of farmers are prerequisites for developing rural e-commerce.To develop,rural e-commerce needs an ecosystem suitable for the participation of smallholder farmers,composed of network operators,government,and service providers.Network operators are the main force in the development of e-commerce.The government,facilitating e-commerce development,is responsible for infrastructure construction.Service providers offer a set of public services.In addition,e-commerce may exclude small farmers who cannot participate in the digital economy or lack the required skills.Therefore,it is necessary to be alert to the inequality between regions and between farmers caused by the digital gap.