海洋地缘文明时代中国沿海地区生态安全综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of ecological security in coastal areas of China in the era of marine geo-civilization

构建基于经济-环境、海洋灾害-生态安全的评价指标体系.以中国沿海地区为研究对象,利用综合指数法,对其生态安全状况进行综合评价.结果表明:①时间尺度上,近20 a来,中国沿海地区生态安全综合指数大体呈现波动上升态势,1999—2018年间,中国沿海地区整体安全状态经历了“较差—一般—良好”的变化阶段.中国沿海地区20 a来生态安全综合指数走势在研究时间段的前10 a间变化较为剧烈,后10 a逐渐趋稳.②空间尺度上,各地区20 a间生态安全综合指数的变化情况各有不同.江苏省、广西壮族自治区、河北省、海南省的生态安全状况已符合“良好”标准;天津市、辽宁省、上海市、福建省、山东省符合“一般”标准;而浙江省、广东省生态安全状况属于“较差”标准.③各分项指数时空分析表明,经济-环境指数是对生态安全影响最突出的因素,变化趋势大体一致.

This paper constructs an evaluation index system based on economy-environment and disaster-safety.Taking 11 coastal areas of China as the research object,the comprehensive index method is used to comprehensively evaluated their ecological security.The results indicated that:①On the time scale,the comprehensive ecological security index of coastal areas of China has generally fluctuated and increased in the past 20 years.From 1999 to 2018,the overall safety situation of coastal areas of China experienced a“poor-general-good”change stage.In the past 20 years,the trend of the comprehensive index of ecological security of 11 coastal areas of China has changed sharply in the first decade of the study period,and gradually stabilized in the next ten years.②On a spatial scale,the changes of ecological security comprehensive index in different provinces and cities are different in the past 20 years.Of the 11 coastal provincial administrative regions,the state of marine ecological security in Jiangsu province,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Hebei province and Hainan province has met the“good”standard;Tianjin city,Liaoning province,Shanghai city,Fujian province and Shandong province have met the“general”standard;while the state of marine security in Zhejiang province and Guangdong province belongs to the“poor”standard.③The spatial and temporal analysis of the sub-index shows that the economic environment index is the most prominent factor affecting the ecological security of typical areas of the sea,and the trend of change is generally consistent.