土壤中可降解塑料微生物的分离和初步鉴定

目的:本实验拟从土壤中分离可降解塑料的微生物,并通过分子生物学和生物信息学的方法进行初步鉴定。方法:在垃圾场表层15cm以下富含塑料的土壤采样,通过稀释不同浓度梯度进行涂布分离,然后运用选择性培养基聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)进行微生物分离。通过生物发酵培养的方法验证对塑料的降解作用,最后通过对18 S rDNA保守区扩增,并经过MAGA5.0软件的同源比对,对所分离的微生物进行分子鉴定。结果:从PVC、PVA选择性培养基中分离得到了3株真菌,对部分塑料制品有一定的降解作用,分子鉴定表明三株真菌菌株均属于地霉属的菌株。结论:本实验成功分离得到三株可降解塑料的真菌,为将来的微生物降解塑料应用奠定基础。

Objective:This experiment intends to isolate microorganisms that can degrade plastics from the soil and identify them through molecular biology and bioinformatics methods.Method:Take samples of the soil below 15 cm from the plastic-rich garbage dump,carry out preliminary coating separation by diluting different concentration gradients,and then use selective medium polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)for microbial separation.The bio-fermentation culture method verifies the degradation of plastics.Finally,through the amplification of the 18 S rDNA conserved region,and homology comparison with MAGA5.0 software,the molecular identification of the isolated microorganisms is carried out.Results:Three fungi were isolated and degraded PVC,PVA and some plastic products to a certain extent.Molecular identification and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the three fungi strains belonged to Geotrichum species.Conclusion:This experiment successfully isolated three strains of plastic-degradable microorganisms,laying a foundation for the future application of microbial degradation of plastics.