不同收获期对小麦种子活力及物理性状的影响

Effects of Different Harvesting Time on Vigor and Physical Characteristics of Wheat Seeds

为研究黄淮麦区小麦种子成熟过程中种子活力与物理性状变化之间的关系,确定适宜的收获期,以西农20和周麦18为试验材料,研究收获期对种子活力和物理性状的影响。结果表明,不同品种、不同收获期对种子的活力指标的影响达到极显著水平;西农20活力指标均在花后34 d趋于稳定,周麦18的物理指标和活力指标在花后40 d达到峰值;典型相关分析表明,种子活力与种子的物理性状具有显著相关性。研究表明,不同收获期对种子活力指标和物理指标均具有显著影响。小麦种子水分降低到34%~37%,千粒重约为最大千粒重的95%、花后34~38 d是高活力种子适宜的收获时期,该时期千粒重未达到最大值。

In order to study the relationship between seed vigor and physical characteristics of wheat seeds during maturation in Huanghuai wheat region,and to determine the suitable reaping time,the wheat varieties Xinong 20 and Zhoumai18 were used as experimental materials to study the effects of harvesting time on seed vigor and physical characteristics.The results showed that different varieties and harvesting times had extremely significant effects on seed vigor indexes.The vigor indexes of Xinong 20 tended to be stable at 34 d after anthesis,while the physical indexes and vigor indexes of Zhoumai 18 reached the peak at 40 d after anthesis.Canonical correlation analysis showed that seed vigor was significantly correlated with physical characteristics of wheat seeds.Meanwhile,the results also showed that there were significant effects of different harvesting times on seed vigor and physical characteristics.The 1000-grain weight of wheat was only about 95%of the maximum 1000-grain weight while the water content of wheat seed reduced to 34%-37%.In addition,thirty-four to thirty-eight days after pollination was the optimum harvesting time for wheat seeds with high vigor,but the 1000-grain weight did not reach the maximum value.