基于自然主义观察的L型厨房用户行为研究

User Behavior of L-shaped Kitchen Based on Naturalistic Observation

目的以中国城市家庭主流的L型厨房为例,研究真实厨房环境下用户与产品交互的行为特征,获得可靠的用户行为数据,洞察用户真实需求和设计机会点,设计出适合中国家庭烹饪习惯和生活方式的整体厨房,为整体厨房设计的本土化创新提供依据。方法运用自然主义观察的方法,对精选的23户中国城市L型家庭厨房用户从准备到烹饪、清洗等厨房使用全流程的行为开展实证研究。通过记录行为、定义行为变量、测定和描述行为、操作动线的抽象表达、数据分析及行为解释等过程,从逗留时长、操作动线、关系强度、关键人机变量等4个维度,研究用户厨房的行为特征。结论统计出了用户在各功能区域的平均逗留时长,重构了新的“厨房工作三角形”,构建了各功能区的关系强度,得到了关键人机变量在各区域的分布情况,并在此基础上提出了以用户操作为中心,面向行为流程特征和关键人机变量特征的设计建议。

Taking mainstream L-shaped family kitchens in Chinese cities as examples, the work explores the basic behavior characteristics of user behavior when they use their products, obtains reliable user behavior data, and leads to insights into their real needs and design opportunities brought by the needs. On this basis, the work aims to design integrated kitchens for Chinese families’ cooking habits and lifestyles and to support the localization innovation of the integrated kitchen design. Using the naturalistic observation method, an empirical study is carried out on the behaviors of 23 selected "L-shaped" household kitchen users in Chinese cities, from the whole process of preparation, cooking, and cleaning. Through the process of recording user behavior, defining behavior variables, measuring and describing behaviors, abstract expression of operation action lines, data analysis, and behavior interpretation, the characteristics of user behavior under the kitchen environment are studied from four dimensions, namely the length of staying time, operating line, relationship strength, and key man-machine variables. The average length of users’ staying time in each functional area is calculated, a new "kitchen work triangle" is reconstructed, the relationship strength among functional areas is constructed, and the distribution of key man-machine variables in each area is obtained. Based on these results, two design suggestions are put forward, which are user operations concentrated, behavior process characteristics oriented, and key man-machine variable characteristics oriented.