市场发育与家庭转型:黔东北农民互助行为变迁的机制及影响

Market Development and Family Transformation:mechanism and Influence of the Change of Peasant Mutual Assistance Behavior in Northeast Guizhou

农村社会流动的高速发展,加快了农民生活秩序的变迁。基于黔东北农村的田野调查发现,在市场发育的驱动下,农民传统的社会互助规范逐渐弱化,农民互助行为的发展性特征开始凸显。研究发现,以农产品商品化、劳动力资本化以及农资服务社会化为核心的市场发育机制共同推动了农民互助行为的变迁,其直接影响在于农民家庭的自主性得以强化,家庭积累能力显著增强。同时,市场发育所形塑的家庭生计模式转变与人口向外流动,不仅打破了村庄社会的封闭性面貌,还强化了农民家庭的主体性价值。由此来看,市场发育驱动下的农民互助行为变迁还具有深远影响,它弱化了村庄内部的联结关系,但强化了农民行动的理性化,加速了家庭的现代转型过程。

The rapid development of rural social flow has accelerated the change of farmers’life order.Based on the field survey in the rural areas in Northeast Guizhou,it was found that,driven by the market development,the traditional social mutual assistance norms of farmers gradually weakened,and the developmental characteristics of farmers’mutual assistance behavior began to become prominent.The study found that the market development mechanism with the commercialization of agricultural products,labor capitalization and the socialization of agricultural resources services as the core jointly promotes the change of farmers’mutual assistance behavior,and its direct impact lies in the strengthened autonomy of farmers’families,and the family accumulation ability is significantly enhanced.Meanwhile,the transformation of the family livelihood model and the outward flow of the population shaped by the market development not only break the closure of the village society,but also strengthen the subjective value of the farmers’families.From this viewpoint,the change of farmers’mutual assistance behavior driven by the market development also has a far-reaching impact:it weakens the connection within the village,but strengthens the rationality of farmers’actions,and therefore,it accelerates the modern transformation process of the family.