中国相对贫困治理及其对策研究

A Study on the Governance of Relative Poverty in China and Its Countermeasures

在取得消除绝对贫困的历史性成就之后,中国在迈向共同富裕的新阶段将重点开展相对贫困治理。相对贫困的核心内涵是收入分配不均等。相较于绝对贫困,相对贫困不仅具有多维性、多元性,而且具有长期性等特征,同经济社会制度和经济发展阶段都紧密相关,在瞄准和治理上都比绝对贫困更加复杂。国际上发达国家和国内部分发展较快地区的相对贫困实践经验值得借鉴。本文根据国家统计局公布的收入分组数据,采用城乡两条相对贫困线测算了中国城乡相对贫困发生率并通过预测分析发现,近年来中国相对贫困程度整体大致平稳但略有上升,未来中国农村相对贫困可能会出现缓慢下降趋势,而城镇略有上升但基本保持平稳。“十四五”时期相对贫困治理不仅要继续巩固已有脱贫成就、保证扶贫政策的有序衔接及可持续发展,更需确定适当的相对贫困标准、实现相对贫困的城乡统筹,并结合乡村振兴,建立可持续、常态化的相对贫困减贫机制。

After accomplishing the historical feat of eradicating absolute poverty,China will focus on the alleviation relative poverty in the new stage of common prosperity.The core connotation of relative poverty is the unequal distribution of income.Compared with absolute poverty,relative poverty is not only multidimensional and pluralistic,but also long-term,which is closely related to the economic and social system and the stage of economic development,and its targeting and governance are more complex than absolute poverty.The practical experience of relative poverty in developed countries and some rapidly developing areas in China should be used for reference.Based on the income grouping data published by the National Bureau of Statistics,this paper calculates the relative poverty ratio in urban and rural areas in China and through prediction analysis,we found that when adopting the two relative poverty lines in urban and rural areas,the degree of relative poverty in China was generally stable but slightly increased in recent years.In the future,the relative poverty in rural areas may show a slow downward trend,while that in urban may increase slightly but basically remains stable.The governance of relative poverty during the 14th Five-Year Plan period should not only continue to consolidate the existing achievements in absolute poverty alleviation,but also ensure the orderly convergence of poverty alleviation policies and sustainable development.Moreover,it is necessary to determine appropriate relative poverty standards,to achieve the overall planning of relative poverty in urban and rural areas,and to establish a sustainable and normal mechanism for relative poverty reduction combined with rural revitalization.