气候政策协同:机制与效应

Climate policy synergy:mechanism and effect

全球气候变化愈演愈烈,造成海平面上升、极端天气事件增加和森林火灾频发等风险加剧。尽管各国为此付出诸多努力,但全球变暖趋势并未遏止,解决气候问题已刻不容缓。中国作为全球碳排放第一大国,已向国际社会承诺在2030年前实现碳排放达峰,2060年前实现碳中和。为探究中国气候政策协同机制及其效应,推动碳减排,文章提出"部门联合体"概念,认为由于部门分工专业化特性,单一部门无法有效应对复杂的气候问题,多部门间的气候政策协同势在必行。气候政策协同贯穿于政策目标制定、政策细则确定与政策实施过程之中,可以通过优化政策目标、完善政策细则、强化政策实施的方式,充分动员各部门参与应对气候变化,提升气候治理能力。研究表明,中央政府与省级政府的气候政策协同程度存在明显的层级差异,中央政府的气候政策协同程度更高,省级政府的气候政策协同还有较大提升空间。文章使用2003-2017年中国省级面板数据实证分析,发现气候政策协同可以降低碳排放,但这种影响以间接效应体现出来。气候政策协同不会对碳排放产生直接影响,而是通过四类交互效应机制发挥作用:气候政策协同与加强财政投入、推动技术创新、优化产业结构、降低能源强度等措施相配套,可以更为有效地减少碳排放。中国的气候政策协同经验对构建全球碳减排机制有重要的参考价值,文章提出,以气候政策协同的有效性为现实基础,依据"部门联合体"行为逻辑,建立全球性的气候治理协同机制,高效推进全球碳减排,减缓气候变化进程。

Global climate change is becoming more and more serious,resulting in an increased risk of sea-level rising,extreme weather events,frequent forest fires,and so on.Despite the efforts made by all countries,the trend of global warming has not been stopped,and it is urgent to solve the climate problem.As the largest carbon emission country in the world,China has committed to the international community to achieve peak carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.To explore the synergy mechanism and effect of China’s climate policy and promote carbon emission reduction,this paper proposes the concept of’Sector Consortium’.It is believed that due to the specialization of sector division,a single sector cannot effectively deal with complicated climate problems,and multi-sector climate policy synergy is imperative.Climate policy synergy runs through the process of policy objective formulation,policy detail determination,and policy implementation.All sectors should be fully mobilized to participate in the response to climate change and to enhance the capacity of climate governance by optimizing policy objectives,improving policy details,and strengthening policy implementation.The results show that differences between the central government and the provincial governments in the degree of climate policy synergy are obvious,the central government has a higher degree of climate policy synergy,and the provincial governments have a larger space to improve their climate policy synergy.Based on the provincial panel data from 2003 to 2017,this paper finds that climate policy synergy can reduce carbon emissions,but this influence is reflected by an indirect effect.Climate policy synergy will not have a direct impact on carbon emissions,but will play a role through four types of interaction mechanisms:the synergy of climate policy with measures such as strengthening financial investment,promoting technological innovation,optimizing industrial structure,and reducing energy intensity can reduce carbon emissions more effectively.China’s experience of climate policy synergy has important implications for the construction of global carbon emission reduction mechanism.This paper proposes that the global climate governance synergy mechanism should be established based on the effectiveness of climate policy synergy and the behavior logic of’Sector Consortium’,so as to effectively promote global carbon emission reduction and slow down the process of climate change.