认知语义学视阈下日语通感用法新探——以音声动词为中心

A Study on the Usage of Japanese Synaesthesia from the Cognitive Semantics Perspective——Taking Sound Verbs as Example

日语音声动词表达的基本语义属于听觉范畴,在实际语言运用过程中可以通过通感用法去表达其他感觉领域的语义。音声动词通感用法既符合通感现象的一般规律又具备其自身的特点,即感觉转移大都符合"近距离感觉→远距离感觉"、低级感觉修饰高级感觉的特点,同时反向转移的用法亦客观存在。从产生此类通感用法的认知原因来看,隐喻始终处在核心地位,除此以外转喻也参与其中,这是人类共同的认知机制在语言上的反映。

Although the basic meaning,carried by the sound verbs in Japanese,is not directly linked with the other senses other than the sense of hearing,those verbs can be used to convey the semantic meaning in the other senses by means of synaesthesia.The use of synaesthesia in those verbs is in conformity with the general principles of language expressions for synaesthesia,which is featured by unidirectional shift of senses from the sense of touching to the sense of sight and hearing as well as the modification of the lower sense for the higher ones,and the lack of universalism in the reversed shifting of the senses.From a cognitive point of view,metaphor plays a crucial role in the use of synaesthesia in those verbs,and metonymy also does its part in it,which indicates the reflection of the shared cognitive patterns for human beings on the use of language.