国家知识基础设施的行政法治理——以行政特许为视角

Administrative Law Governance of National Knowledge Infrastructure:A Perspective of Administrative Franchise

中国知网是重要的国家知识基础设施,对其进行行政法治理具有必要性。中国知网并不是普通许可,而是具有行政特许之法律属性,向用户过于频繁提价、不提供普遍及平等的服务等,违背了其应有的公共性定位。可从行政特许的视角对中国知网进行相关治理,明确中国知网是在完成国家知识基础设施的公共性任务。监督中国知网切实履行相关的公共性义务,中国知网应设置特殊的定价机制使其对各用户的报价不会过高,确保其提供的产品或服务价格的稳定性而不能随意进行任意幅度之调价,对不同主体的收费标准应体现公平性。中国知网应履行普遍、平等服务等公共性义务,让更多社会公众可以便利、平等、普遍的使用国家知识基础设施。应规范中国知网的特殊权利和垄断地位,加强相关信息的披露和公开。国家知识基础设施的建设与运营不仅事关公民社会权、文化权的实现,也是高等学校、科研院所等教学科研人员工作的基础与工具,亦是我国面对国际科技竞争的重要基本资源,并事关国家总体安全的维护,有必要对其从行政特许角度进行治理。

CNKI is an important entity of the national knowledge infrastructure,and it is necessary to conduct administrative law governance on CNKI.CNKI is not an ordinary license,but has legal attributes of an administrative franchise.It raises prices too frequently to users year by year,and does not provide universal and equal services,etc.,which violates its due public positioning.Relevant regulations can be made on CNKI from perspective of administrative franchise.It is clear that CNKI is completing the public tasks of the national knowledge infrastructure.It is important to supervise CNKI to fulfill the relevant public obligations.CNKI should set up a special pricing mechanism so that the price quotations to users should not be too high,and ensure the stability of the prices of the products or services which it provides,and not to adjust the prices at any time and in any range,and the charging standards for different entities should reflect fairness.In addition,public obligations such as universal and equal services should be fulfilled so that more public can use the national knowledge infrastructure conveniently,equally and universally.The special rights and monopoly position of CNKI should be regulated,and the disclosure and publicity of relevant information should be strengthened.The construction and operation of national knowledge infrastructure is not only related to the realization of civil social rights and cultural rights,but also the basis and tools for teaching and research work of teaching and research personnel in universities,scientific research institutes,etc.It is an important basic resource for our country to face the international technological competition,and it is related to the maintenance of overall national security.Thus,it is of great significance to govern from the perspective of administrative franchise.