论胡塞尔意识现象学的发展思路

On the Development of Husser’s Phenomenology of Consciousness

作为形而上学的哲学发展之路,从古代希腊开始,经过了“从哲学到数学”与“从数学到哲学”这样两条道路。在笛卡尔的推动下,哲学陷入到以数学为方法论的思维中去了。通过胡塞尔的努力,哲学重新通过现象学保持了自身从古代希腊开始的存在论路向。将意识把握为意向性的基础解决了近代以来意识无法超越内在到达外在对象的困境,意向性本质上意味着超越性,意味着开启了一种对待存在现象的新世界。胡塞尔通过现象学找到了整个科学的基础,确立了先验自我的存在意义,同时利用现象学对意识领域的全部考察,以严格科学形象出现的哲学重新接续并被推进。

The development of philosophy as metaphysics began in ancient Greece and went through two lines:“from philosophy to mathematics”and“from mathematics to philosophy”.Under Descartes’impetus,philosophy lapsed into mathematically methodological thinking.Through Husserl’s efforts,philosophy regains its ontological direction from ancient Greece through phenomenology.Understanding consciousness as the basis of intentionality solves the dilemma since modern times that consciousness cannot transcend the inner to reach the external object.In essence,intentionality means transcendence and opens a new world to treat existing phenomena.Thus,Husserl found the foundation of the whole science through phenomenology and established the meaning of the existence of the transcendental ego.At the same time,using phenomenology to investigate the field of consciousness,he promoted the development of philosophy as strict science.