张衡的“笔误”与朱熹的“尬解”

Zhang Heng’s“Slip of Pen”and Zhu Xi’s“Awkward Interpretation”

清末易顺鼎对《老子》“却走马以粪”句之异文与理解已作有效梳理是正,在此基础上另有三点认识可予以进一步说明:一、张衡《东京赋》“却走马以粪车”的表述确实来源于对《文子》句的误读,而非如薛综所注为表达“马不用而车不败”的新意,其中的语法构成可促成该判断;二、朱熹误记误解《老子》句,确受《东京赋》的影响,其与当时《文选》学及科举制度的“余热”分不开;三、张衡虽然误读而造辞,但不伤大雅,其文句得到了接受与传播,而朱熹因立足于对《老子》句的释读,就难免构成一个事实上的错误。

In late Qing dynasty,Yi Shunding(易顺鼎)had made an eloquent clarification of the alternative script and explanation of the statement of“却走马以粪”(horses bear manure in fields)in Lao Tze(《老子》).On the basis of his ideas,3 points are forwarded here.First,Zhang Heng’s statement of“却走马以粪”in East Capital Poetry(《东京赋》)truly originated from his misunderstanding about the statement in Wen Tze(《文子》),rather than“horses are not used and cart are not destroyed”as Xue Zong(薛综)noted,and the grammatical structure support this point;second,Zhu Xi’s(朱熹)misquotation and misinterpretation of the statement in Lao Tze was influenced by East Capital Poetry,this was partly because of studies on Selected Literary Works(《文选》)and the aftermath of the imperial examination system;third,Zhang Heng’s(张衡)misquotation and explanation had not impacted the spread and acceptation of his statement,on the other hand,Zhu Xi(朱熹)made a true mistake because his explanation was based on his interpretation of Lao Tze.