我国著作权合理使用的司法判定——基于92份裁判文书的研究

Judicial Judgment of Fair Use of Copyright in China—Based on 92 Judicial Documents

我国有关著作权合理使用的裁判文书表明,法院进行合理使用认定时采用了“三步检验标准”“四要素标准”“转换性使用标准”等标准认定新的合理使用的类型,扩大了合理使用的范围。但存在判决说理不够充分、不同法院对同类案件的裁判标准存在差异、“三步检验标准”定位不明、“转换性使用标准”含义不清等问题。著作权合理使用制度的运行要求法院恪守司法谦抑原则,以著作权法的立法目的统摄“四要素标准”“转换性使用标准”等标准,增强合理使用判定结果的可预期性。

The judicial documents concerning fair use of copyright in China show that the courts have adopted standards like"three-step test","four-elements"and"transformational use"to identify new types of fair use and expand its scope.However,there are problems such as insufficient judgment reasoning,and different judgment standards for similar cases,unclear positioning of"three-step test"and unclear meanings of"transformational use".The operation of the fair use system of copyright requires courts to abide by the principle of judicial modesty,to adopt the standards of"four-elements"and"transformational use"for the legislative purpose of copyright law,and to enhance the predictability of the judgment results.