商鞅变法后秦统治理念的变迁

The Changes of Ruling Thoughts in Qin Dynasty after Shang Yang's Reforms

商鞅推行任法重刑,摒弃德政的统治理念,初步构建了集权国家体制。秦惠文王至秦昭襄王强化任法重刑的理念,并以统驭之术控驭官僚。秦孝文王至秦王政亲政前,以吕不韦为首的士人宣扬德政思想,使秦统治理念发生了转变。秦始皇在回归任法重刑统治理念的同时,宣扬德政理念,反映了秦国统治集团在政治路线上的不断尝试。两种相反的理念杂糅,造成统治逻辑上的矛盾,秦王朝将“法治”和“德治”融合的期望最终落空。

Shang Yang carried out the severe punishment by law,abandoned the ruling concept of benevolent rule,and initially established the centralized state system.From King Huiwen of Qin to King Zhaoxiang of Qin,the idea of severe punishment by law was strengthened,and the controlling technique was used to control the bureaucrat.During the period from King Xiaowen of Qin to the First Emperor of Qin,scholars represented by Lu Buwei promoted the idea of benevolent rule,which changed the ruling idea of the Qin Dynasty.The First Emperor of Qin advocated the idea of benevolent rule while returning to the ruling idea of severe punishment by law,which reflected the constant attempts and choices of the ruling group of the Qin Dynasty on the political line.The combination of the two opposing ideas resulted in the contradiction of ruling logic,and the expectation of integrating"rule by law"and"rule by virtue"in the Qin Dynasty was finally disappointed.