论王尔德戏剧中的社会问题及其独特艺术表现

On Social Issues and Unique Artistic Expression in Wilde's Dramas

提及社会问题剧,我们通常联想到易卜生或萧伯纳;提到王尔德,我们通常将其视为唯美主义的代表人物。王尔德的戏剧虽然也被认为对英国上流社会有所讽刺,但令人印象深刻的还是剧中那些“王尔德式”的俏皮话(悖论),而戏剧中触及的深层问题并未得到更多重视。其实,王尔德的戏剧也反映社会问题,只是用了他自己独特的方式。因为唯美主义本来就是对社会问题的一种艺术反应,它形成于对社会问题的审视与抗拒之中。王尔德的戏剧并不仅仅是风俗喜剧。虽然他早中晚三期的戏剧创作的艺术方式呈现出不同的特点,但对社会问题的关注是一致的。梳理王尔德戏剧中的社会问题及其表现方式,有助于更全面地解读王尔德的戏剧。

When comes to dramas on social issues, we would think of Ibsen or Bernard Shaw. And we usually regard Oscar Wilde as a representative of aestheticism. Although his dramas satirize English upper class, they are often remembered for the witticisms( paradoxes) of his styles, and the underlying issues addressed in his dramas are not receiving much attention. In fact,his dramas also reflect social issues with his own way. Aestheticism is an artistic response to and formed in the examination and resistance to social issues. Wilde’s dramas are not merely folksy comedies. Although his drama creation in the early, middle and late periods are distinctly different in artistic ways, same attention to social issues are paid. To sort out the social issues in Wilde’s dramas and ways of expression is helpful for a more comprehensive interpretation of his dramas.