道德绑架问题研究综述

A Summary of the Research on the Issue of Moral Kidnapping

近年来,学界聚焦道德绑架这一主题进行了较为系统的研究,主要集中在四个方面:一是从语义层面和理论层面界定道德绑架的概念并论述其特点;二是分析并阐述道德绑架的成因,即社会保障制度不够完善、泛道德化现象影响深远、人们曲解道德义务概念、媒体的角色错位以及公民道德定力不足等;三是从人的自由和权利、伦理公平、法律权威、道德功能的发挥等方面指出此类道德行为的危害;四是从完善社会保障制度、弱化道德“私德”领域作用、澄清道德义务等方面着手,提出避免这种不良现象的消解之道。既有的丰硕成果为进一步研究道德绑架现象提供了重要基础和参考,但还存在道德绑架概念界定不够明晰且不一致、对其作用认识不深刻、研究群体笼统不够细化、研究范式缺乏新意等不足。在未来的研究中,应从以下三方面做更深入的思考:第一,挖掘创新研究内容,深化其内涵和作用;第二,深入细化研究群体,具体问题具体分析;第三,创新丰富研究范式,注重多学科交融研究。

In recent years,the academic circle has conducted lots of systematic research on the topic of moral kidnapping which mainly concentrates on four aspects:The first aspect defines the concept of moral kidnapping at the semantic and theoretical level and discuss its characteristics;the second aspect analyzes and explains the causes of moral kidnapping,namely the imperfection of the social security system,the far-reaching influence of the phenomenon of pan-morality,people’s misunderstandings of the concept of moral obligation,the misplacement of the role of the media,and the insufficient moral strength of citizens;thirdly,from the perspectives of human freedom and rights,ethical fairness,legal authority,and the exertion of moral functions,the harm of this kind of moral behavior is pointed out and discussed;fourthly,starting from the perspectives of improving the social security system,weakening the role of moral“private morality”,clarifying moral obligations,etc.,a solution is put forward to avoid this undesirable phenomenon.Although the fruitful results provide an important basis and reference for further research on the phenomenon of moral kidnapping,there are still shortcomings such as the lack of clear and inconsistent definition of the concept of moral kidnapping,insufficient understanding of its role,insufficient generalization of research groups,and lack of novelty in research paradigms.In future research,in-depth thinking should be made in the following three aspects:first,exploring the content of innovative research and deepening its connotation and role;second,classifying research groups in an in-depth and detailed way,and specifically analyzing specific issues;third,innovating and enriching the research paradigms,and paying attention to multidisciplinary research.