“空白”与“非空白”的辩驳--明代前期通俗小说批评形态分析

The Refutation of“Blank”and“Non-blank”-Analysis on the Criticism form of Popular Novels in the Early Ming Dynasty

从理论上讲,“理论形态”的批评材料仅仅是批评“形态”系统中相对稳定的静止资源,仅据此判定批评的“在”与“非在”,一定程度上会造成批评形态格局描述的片面。明代前期通俗小说“批评空白”的理论判定,即是源于以“批评文体”为媒介的显性“理论形态”批评资料的缺失。以“形态”视域重新观照明代前期通俗小说批评状况,“理论形态”批评出现之前,对通俗小说的批评已以隐性方式存在,表现在立足于小说作品中的“创作式”批评、寄藏于操作层面的“现象式”批评和附着于强权政策下的“禁毁式”批评。如此,隐性形态批评与显性“文体式”理论形态批评交融互补形成了明代前期通俗小说批评的立体格局。

Theoretically speaking,the critical materials of“theoretical form”are only relatively stable and static resources in the system of“form”of criticism.Judging the“In”and“Not in”of criticism only based on this point will lead to one-sided description of the pattern of critical form to some extent.The theoretical judgment of“critical blank”of popular novels in the early Ming Dynasty is lack of critical data of explicit“theoretical form”with“critical style”as the medium.From the perspective of“form”,critical analyses on popular novels have existed implicitly before the emergence of“theoretical form”,such as“creative criticism”,“phenomenal criticism”,and“destructive criticism”.In this way,the combination of implicit form criticism and explicit“stylistic”theoretical form criticism formed a three-dimensional pattern of popular novel criticism in the early Ming Dynasty.