国内外有限空间作业安全相关概念对比研究

Comparison of Concepts Related to Confined Spaces Safety at Home and Abroad

有限空间作业事故在国内外均属高发事故,为借鉴国外有限空间作业管理的经验,本文通过收集国内外有限空间作业相关法规和标准,对比分析国内外有限空间定义、有限空间进入定义、准入许可定义以及危险性气体环境的定义。通过综述和对比发现,国内外有限空间定义基本类似,主要包括封闭或部分封闭、出入口有限或受限、未作为固定作业场所设计、可能存在危害因素4个方面的内容;部分国家在法规中给出了有限空间进入定义,明确何种行为属于进入有限空间;各国均十分重视有限空间作业前的准入许可,除美国不需许可的有限空间外均要求在作业前进行许可,但是对许可文件内容和许可流程要求存在差异;各国对危险性气体环境中气体浓度值的规定大致相同。本文的研究对我国有限空间作业法规、标准的制修订有一定参考意义。

Accidents in confined spaces happen frequently at home and abroad.In order to learn from the relevant experience of foreign countries on confined spaces management,the relevant laws,regulations,standards and documents of developed countries in the field of confined spaces are collected,and the definitions of confined space,confined space entry,entry permit and hazardous gas atmosphere are compared and analyzed.The results show that most of the definitions of confined space are similar at home and abroad and mainly include four aspects of completely or partially close,limited or restricted means for entry or exit,no design for fixed operation occupancy and potential hazards;that some countries give "entry" definition of confined space and define what kind of behavior belongs to the entry of confined space;that all countries attach great importance to the entry permit before the operation of confined space and require the permit before the operation except Non-Permit confined space in America,but there are differences in the content of the permit documents and processes;and that the values of gas concentrations in hazardous gas atmosphere are broadly the same across countries.The research results can provide a reference for the formulation and revision of confined space regulations and standards of our country.