费曼技巧在材料力学课程教学中的应用

The Application of Feynman Technique in the Teaching of Material Mechanics

材料力学作为一门学科基础课程,专业跨度大,知识点多,难点多,这给力学教师教学和学生学习增加了难度。费曼学习法是以学习者的输出为导向的一种高效的学习方法。把费曼学习法应用到材料力学的教学过程当中,可以有效地提高课堂的教学效果,发挥学生主观能动性,大大提高学生对新知识的学习效率,促进他们进行类比和反思,以及灵活应用所学知识的能力。本文以本科生材料力学教学现状为例,分析材料力学教学中存在的问题,并基于费曼技巧提出改进思路。通过自主设立课堂小目标、创建超星-学习通APP科目讨论群、布置"互联网+"互评作业、安排学生主讲习题课等学习方式,学生在教授他人、互评的过程中深思内化了知识,提高了学习的积极性。材料力学的教学实践表明,费曼学习技巧显著提高了学生的学习积极性和学习效率。通过这样的教学尝试,可以有效地提高教学效率,为材料力学的教学提供了新思路、新方法。

As a basic subject, Material Mechanics has a large professional span, many knowledge points, and many difficulties. This makes the teaching of mechanics and students more difficult. Feynman learning method is an efficient learning method oriented by the learner’s output. Applying Feynman’s learning method to the teaching process of material mechanics can effectively improve the teaching effect of the classroom, give full play to students’ subjective initiative, greatly improve students’ learning efficiency of new knowledge, promote their analogy and reflection, and flexibly apply what they have learned. This paper takes the current situation of undergraduate material mechanics teaching as an example, analyzes the existing problems in material mechanics teaching, and proposes improvement ideas based on Feynman’s skills. Through independent setting of small classroom goals, creation of subject discussion groups on the Superstar-Learning Tong APP, arrangement of ’Internet+’ mutual evaluation homework, and arrangement of students to give lectures and other learning methods, students think deeply and internalize their knowledge in the process of teaching others and mutual evaluation, improve the enthusiasm of learning. The teaching practice of material mechanics shows that Feynman’s learning skills have significantly improved students’ learning enthusiasm and learning efficiency. Through such teaching attempts, teaching efficiency can be effectively improved, and new ideas and methods can be provided for the teaching of material mechanics.